Version June 2024
| Component | Initial amount | Target amount |
| Total energy | 45 to 60 kcal/kg/day[1] | 80 to 90 kcal/kg/day*[1] |
| Nonprotein energy | 35 to 45 kcal/kg/day | >65 kcal/kg/day |
| Amino acid | 1.5 to 2.5 g/kg/day[1] OR 2 g/kg/day[2] | 2.5 to 3.5 g/kg/day[1,3] OR Weight-based dosing:
|
| Lipid | 0 to 1 g/kg/day | 2 to 3 g/kg/day[5] |
| Calcium | 25 to 40 mg/kg/day[5] OR 30 to 50 mg/kg/day[2] | 65 to 100 mg/kg/day[5] |
| Phosphorus | None | 50 to 80 mg/kg/day |
| Sodium | None OR 2 to 4 mEq/kg/day[2] | 69 to 115 mg/kg/day[6] OR 3 to 5 mEq/kg/day[6] |
| Potassium | None OR 2 to 4 mEq/kg/day[2] | 78 to 117 mg/kg/day[6] OR 2 to 3 mEq/kg/day[6] |
| Magnesium | 0 to 3 mg/kg/day[5] | 7 to 10 mg/kg/day[5] OR 4.3 to 7.2 mg/kg/day[2] |
| Iron | None | 0.0 to 0.25 mg/kg/day[5] |
| Zinc | None | 0.4 mg/kg/day[5] |
| Copper | None | 40 mcg/kg/day[5] OR 20 mcg/kg/day[7] |
| Selenium | None | 1.5 to 4.5 mcg/kg/day[6] |
| Manganese | None | 1 mcg/kg/day[5] |
| Chromium | None | 0.05 to 0.3 mcg/kg/day[5] |
| Carnitine | None | 10 mg/kg/day[2] OR 2.9 mg/kg/day[7] |
| Vitamin A | None | 700 to 1500 IU/kg/day[6] |
| Vitamin C | None | 15 to 25 mg/kg/day[7] |
| Vitamin D | None | 40 to 160 IU/kg/day[6] |
| Vitamin E | None | 2.8 to 3.5 IU/kg/day[6] |
| Vitamin K | None | 10 mcg/kg/day[6] |
| Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | None | 200 to 350 mcg/kg/day[6] |
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | None | 150 to 200 mcg/kg/day[6] |
| Vitamin B3 (niacin) | None | 4.0 to 6.8 mg/kg/day[6] |
| Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) | None | 1 to 2 mg/kg/day[7] |
| Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | None | 150 to 200 mcg/kg/day[6] |
| Vitamin B7 (biotin) | None | 5 to 8 mcg/kg/day[7] |
| Vitamin B9 (folic acid) | None | 56 mcg/kg/day[6] |
| Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) | None | 0.3 mcg/kg/day[6] |
IU: international units.
* Although guidelines traditionally describe higher targets for total energy (eg, up to 115 kcal/kg/day)[1], such targets are typically not achievable through parenteral nutrition alone and may not be desirable. However, higher targets for total energy intake (parenteral and enteral combined) are appropriate as enteral nutrition is advanced because 100% of parenteral calories are metabolically available, while a lesser proportion of enteral calories are available to the infant. A reasonable rule-of-thumb is that 120 kcal/kg/day provided enterally is equivalent to 80 to 90 kcal/kg/day provided parenterally.
¶ For extremely low birth weight infants (<1000 g), a randomized trial found that infants with amino acid intakes of approximately 2.5 g/kg/day during the first 5 days of life had improved neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with higher amino acid intakes (3.5 g/kg/day)[3]. Beyond the first 5 days of life, most guidelines recommend higher amino acid intakes (eg, 3.5 g/kg/day)[4].آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
