Version June 2024
| Pathogen | Relative frequency* | Associated clinical syndrome and/or symptoms | |
| Bacteria | Group A Streptococcus | Common | Fever, tonsillar exudates, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, scarlatiniform rash, particularly in an adolescent or young adult |
| Group C or G Streptococcus | Less common | Similar to GAS pharyngitis but more frequently acquired in a waterborne or foodborne outbreak | |
| Arcanobacterium haemolyticum | Less common | Similar to GAS pharyngitis, scarlatiniform rash common, particularly in adolescents and young adults | |
| Fusobacterium necrophorum | Uncertain | Lemierre syndrome (septic jugular vein thrombophlebitis), possible association with recurrent or persistent pharyngitis | |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Likely rare | Nonspecific symptoms such as acute sore throat, pharyngeal exudates, and cervical lymphadenopathy in a patient with risk factors for sexually transmitted infections, particularly receptive oral intercourse | |
| Corynebacterium diptheriae | Rare | Diphtheria: Low-grade fever, anorexia, malaise, sore throat with gray-white membrane on palate, tonsil or posterior oropharynx, cervical lymphadenopathy, particularly in a patient who has not been vaccinated | |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Rare | Cough, pneumonia | |
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | Rare | Fever, cough, laryngitis, pneumonia | |
| Treponema pallidum | Rare | Secondary syphilis: Sore throat may precede development of mucosal ulcers, generalized lymphadenopathy and palmar-plantar rash | |
| Francisella tularemia | Rare | Ulceroglandular fever: Severe sore throat, pharyngeal exudes, cervical lymphadenopathy (often posterior and bilateral), oral ulcers; usually acquired by ingestion of contaminated water | |
| Viruses | Respiratory viruses | Very common | Common cold: Fever, rhinorrhea, cough, hoarseness, coryza, conjunctivitis, oral ulcers |
| Epstein-Barr virus | Common | Infectious mononucleosis: Fever, fatigue, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, lymphocytosis, particularly in an adolescent or young adult | |
| Herpes simplex virus | Less common | Severe sore throat, with or without oral ulcers | |
| Cytomegalovirus | Rare | Mononucleosis-like syndrome, similar to EBV but typically milder | |
| HIV | Rare | Acute retroviral syndrome: Fever, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, rash, myalgias, arthralgias, diarrhea, weight loss, painful mucocutaneous ulcers |
EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; GAS: group A Streptococcus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.
* The precise frequency of the etiologies of pharyngitis are not known and likely varies among different populations. In resource-rich regions, the designation of very common is used to indicate causes that are generally considered to exceed 25%, common to exceed 5%, less common to account for 1 to 5%, and rare <1%.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
