Society guideline links: Gastrointestinal bleeding in adults

Introduction — This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.

The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.

Links to related guidelines are provided separately. (See "Society guideline links: Gastrointestinal bleeding in children" and "Society guideline links: Colonic diverticular disease".)

International

●International consensus group guideline recommendations for the management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2019)

●Recommendations on the diagnosis and initial management of acute variceal bleeding and hepatorenal syndrome in patients with cirrhosis (2019)

●World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO): Guideline on esophageal varices (2014)

Canada

●American College of Gastroenterology (ACG)-Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG): Clinical practice guideline for the management of anticoagulants and antiplatelets during acute gastrointestinal bleeding and the periendoscopic period (2022)

●CAG: Clinical practice guidelines for the use of video capsule endoscopy (2017)

United States

●American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD): Practice guidance on risk stratification and management of portal hypertension and varices in cirrhosis (2023)

●American College of Gastroenterology (ACG): Guideline for the management of patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, update (2023)

●ACG-Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG): Clinical practice guideline for the management of anticoagulants and antiplatelets during acute gastrointestinal bleeding and the periendoscopic period (2022)

●American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE): Guideline on adverse events associated with EGD and EGD-related techniques (2022)

●ASGE: Guideline on adverse events associated with EUS and EUS-guided procedures (2022)

●AASLD: Practice guidance on vascular liver disorders, portal vein thrombosis, and procedural bleeding in patients with liver disease, 2020 (published 2021)

●American College of Radiology (ACR): ACR Appropriateness Criteria for the radiologic management of lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding, update (2021)

●ACG: Clinical guideline on upper gastrointestinal and ulcer bleeding (2021)

●American Gastroenterological Association (AGA): Clinical practice update on management of bleeding gastric varices – Expert review (2021)

●ACR: ACR Appropriateness Criteria for the radiologic management of gastric varices (2019)

●Department of Veterans Affairs (VA): Viral hepatitis and liver disease – Varices prevention and treatment: The use of beta-blockers – Cirrhosis (2018)

●ASGE: Guideline on adverse events associated with ERCP (2017)

●ASGE: Guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of suspected small-bowel bleeding (2017)

●ACR: ACR Appropriateness Criteria on nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2016)

●ASGE: Guideline for the management of antithrombotic agents for patients undergoing GI endoscopy (2016)

●ACG: Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of small bowel bleeding (2015)

●ASGE: Guideline on antibiotic prophylaxis for GI endoscopy (2015)

●ASGE: Guideline on the role of endoscopy in the bariatric surgery patient (2015)

●ASGE: Guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of premalignant and malignant conditions of the stomach (2015)

●ASGE: Quality indicators for GI endoscopic procedures (2015)

●ASGE: Guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of variceal hemorrhage (2014)

●ASGE: Guideline on the role of endoscopy in the patient with lower GI bleeding (2014)

●Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI)/European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM): Procedure standard/practice guideline for gastrointestinal bleeding scintigraphy 2.0 (2014)

●ASGE: Guideline on the appropriate use of GI endoscopy (2012)

●ASGE: Guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of acute non-variceal upper GI bleeding (2012)

●American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF), ACG, and American Heart Association (AHA): Expert consensus document on the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors and thienopyridines – A focused update of the 2008 expert consensus document on reducing the gastrointestinal risks of antiplatelet therapy and NSAID use (2010)

●ASGE: The role of endoscopy in the management of patients with peptic ulcer disease (2010)

Europe

●European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE): Guideline for the endoscopic diagnosis and management of esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage (2022)

●ESGE: Guideline on small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders, update (2022)

●British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and ESGE: Guideline on endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, update (2021)

●ESGE: Guideline for the diagnosis and management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (2021)

●ESGE: Guideline on esophageal stenting for benign and malignant disease, update (2021)

●ESGE: Guideline for the endoscopic diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH), update (2021)

•ESGE: Guideline for diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (2015)

●ESGE: Guideline on endoscopic tissue sampling – Part 1: Upper gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary tracts (2021)

●ESGE: Guideline on endoscopic tissue sampling – Part 2: Lower gastrointestinal tract (2021)

●ESGE: Cascade guideline for endoscopic treatment of variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2020)

●ESGE: Guideline on ERCP-related adverse events (2020)

●ESGE: Cascade guideline for esophageal stenting for benign and malignant disease (2019)

●ESGE: Guideline on bowel preparation for colonoscopy, update (2019)

●ESGE: Quality improvement initiative – Performance measures for small-bowel endoscopy (2019)

●ESGE: Cascade guideline on nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (2018)

●ESGE: Quality improvement initiative – Performance measures for endoscopy services (2018)

●ESGE: Quality improvement initiative – Performance measures for ERCP and endoscopic ultrasound (2018)

●ESGE: Clinical guideline on colorectal polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) (2017)

●ESGE: Quality improvement initiative – Performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (2017)

●ESGE: Clinical guideline on papillary cannulation and sphincterotomy techniques at ERCP (2016)

●ESGE: Quality improvement initiative – Performance measures for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (2016)

●ESGE: Guideline on endoscopic submucosal dissection (2015)

●Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI)/European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM): Procedure standard/practice guideline for gastrointestinal bleeding scintigraphy 2.0 (2014)

United Kingdom

●National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Guideline on cirrhosis in over 16s – Assessment and management (2016, updated 2023)

●British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG): UK guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients (2015, reviewed 2022)

●BSG: Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia in adults (2011, updated 2021)

●BSG and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE): Guideline on endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, update (2021)

●NICE: Medical technologies guidance on Danis stent for acute oesophageal variceal bleeding (2021)

●BSG: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (2019)

●Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (RCPE): Management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding – An update for the general physician (2017)

●NICE: Clinical guideline on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in over 16s – Management (2012, updated 2016)

●NICE: Guideline on blood transfusion (2015)

●NICE: Quality standard on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults (2013)

●BSG, Association of Colo-Proctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI), Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons (AUGIS), and the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR): Practice guidance on the management of acute and chronic gastrointestinal problems arising as a result of treatment for cancer (2012)

●NICE: Interventional procedures guidance on stent insertion for bleeding oesophageal varices (2011)

Australia–New Zealand

●Royal Children's Hospital (RCH): Clinical guidelines (nursing) for the acute management of an oesophageal variceal bleed (2018)

Japan

●[In English]: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES): Guidelines for colorectal cold polypectomy (supplement to "Guidelines for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection/endoscopic mucosal resection") (2022)

•[In English]: JGES: Guidelines for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection/endoscopic mucosal resection (2020)

●[In Japanese]: JGES: Guidelines for colorectal cold polypectomy (colorectal ESD/EMR guideline supplement) (2021)

•[In Japanese]: JGES: Colorectal ESD/EMR guidelines, 2nd edition (2019)

●[In English] Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE): Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for peptic ulcer disease, 2020 (published 2021)

●[In Japanese] JSGE: Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for peptic ulcer, 3rd edition (2020)

●[In English] Japan Gastroenterological Association (JGA): Guidelines for colonic diverticular bleeding and colonic diverticulitis (2019)

●[In English] JGES: Guidelines for gastroenterological endoscopy in patients undergoing antithrombotic treatment – 2017 appendix on anticoagulants including direct oral anticoagulants (published 2018)

•[In English] JGES: Guidelines for gastroenterological endoscopy in patients undergoing antithrombotic treatment (2014)

●[In Japanese] JGA: Guidelines for colonic diverticular bleeding and colonic diverticulitis (2017)

●[In English] JGES: Clinical practice guideline for enteroscopy (2017)

●[In Japanese] JGES: Guidelines for gastroenterological endoscopy in patients undergoing antithrombotic treatment – Appendix on anticoagulants including direct oral anticoagulants (2017)

•[In Japanese] JGES: Guidelines for gastroenterological endoscopy in patients undergoing antithrombotic treatment (2012)

●[In English] JGES: Guidelines for endoscopic management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2016)

●[In Japanese] JGES: Guidelines for endoscopic management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2015)

●[In Japanese] JGES: Guidelines for small intestinal endoscopy (2015)