Patient characteristics | Preoperative testing | Surgery | Anesthetic management |
Age | Low albumin | Open thoracic surgery | General anesthesia |
Male sex | Low SpO2 (≤95%) | Cardiac surgery | High respiratory driving pressure (≥13 cm H2O) |
ASA class ≥3 | Anemia (Hb <10 g/dL) | Open upper abdominal surgery | High inspiratory oxygen fraction |
Previous respiratory infection | Major vascular surgery | High volume of crystalloid administration | |
Functional dependency | Neurosurgery | Erythrocyte transfusion | |
Congestive heart failure | Urology | Residual neuromuscular blockade | |
COPD | Duration of surgery >2 hours | Nasogastric tube use | |
Smoking | Emergent surgery | ||
Renal failure | |||
Gastroesophageal reflux disease | |||
Weight loss |
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