Type | Description | Duration | Site | Examples |
Conductive | Caused by abnormalities of the outer or middle ear, which limit the amount of external sound that gains access to the inner ear (cochlea and vestibular apparatus) | Transient or permanent | Outer ear |
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Middle ear |
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Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)* | Caused by malfunction of inner ear structures (outer and inner hair cells and CN VIII components of the auditory neural pathway) resulting in impaired neuro-conduction of sound energy to the brainstem from the inner ear | Permanent | Inner ear, including outer and inner hair cells and CN VIII components of the auditory neural pathway |
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Auditory neuropathy (AN)* | Caused by impaired neural processing of auditory stimuli with a deficit in the perception or complete analysis of auditory information | Permanent | CN VIII, auditory brainstem, cerebral cortex |
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Mixed | SNHL or AN in combination with conductive hearing loss | Permanent | Outer, middle, and inner ear |
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CN: cranial nerve; CMV: cytomegalovirus; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HIE: hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
* There is overlap of examples between sensorineural hearing loss and auditory neuropathy as some conditions affect both components of the inner ear and the neural processing of auditory stimuli through CN VIII, brain stem and cerebral cortex.
¶ Extreme prematurity is defined as a gestational age <28 weeks.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟