Version May 2024
| Primary tumor (T), squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma | |||||
| T category | T criteria | ||||
| TX | Tumor cannot be assessed | ||||
| T0 | No evidence of primary tumor | ||||
| Tis | High-grade dysplasia, defined as malignant cells confined to the epithelium by the basement membrane | ||||
| T1 | Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa | ||||
| T1a | Tumor invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosae | ||||
| T1b | Tumor invades the submucosa | ||||
| T2 | Tumor invades the muscularis propria | ||||
| T3 | Tumor invades adventitia | ||||
| T4 | Tumor invades adjacent structures | ||||
| T4a | Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum | ||||
| T4b | Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway | ||||
| Regional lymph nodes (N), squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma | |||||
| N category | N criteria | ||||
| NX | Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed | ||||
| N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis | ||||
| N1 | Metastases in 1 or 2 regional lymph nodes | ||||
| N2 | Metastases in 3 to 6 regional lymph nodes | ||||
| N3 | Metastases in 7 or more regional lymph nodes | ||||
| Distant metastasis (M), squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma | |||||
| M category | M criteria | ||||
| M0 | No distant metastasis | ||||
| M1 | Distant metastasis | ||||
| Histologic grade (G), squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma | |||||
| G | G definition | ||||
| GX | Grade cannot be assessed | ||||
| G1 | Well differentiated | ||||
| G2 | Moderately differentiated | ||||
| G3 | Poorly differentiated, undifferentiated | ||||
| Location, squamous cell carcinoma | |||||
| Location plays a role in the stage grouping of esophageal squamous cancers. | |||||
| Location category | Location criteria | ||||
| X | Location unknown | ||||
| Upper | Cervical esophagus to lower border of azygos vein | ||||
| Middle | Lower border of azygos vein to lower border of inferior pulmonary vein | ||||
| Lower | Lower border of inferior pulmonary vein to stomach, including gastroesophageal junction | ||||
| NOTE: Location is defined by the position of the epicenter of the tumor in the esophagus. | |||||
| Prognostic stage groups, squamous cell carcinoma | |||||
| Clinical (cTNM) | |||||
| When cT is... | And cN is... | And M is... | Then the stage group is... | ||
| Tis | N0 | M0 | 0 | ||
| T1 | N0-1 | M0 | I | ||
| T2 | N0-1 | M0 | II | ||
| T3 | N0 | M0 | II | ||
| T3 | N1 | M0 | III | ||
| T1-3 | N2 | M0 | III | ||
| T4 | N0-2 | M0 | IVA | ||
| Any T | N3 | M0 | IVA | ||
| Any T | Any N | M1 | IVB | ||
| Pathological (pTNM) | |||||
| When pT is... | And pN is... | And M is... | And G is... | And location is... | Then the stage group is... |
| Tis | N0 | M0 | N/A | Any | 0 |
| T1a | N0 | M0 | G1 | Any | IA |
| T1a | N0 | M0 | G2-3 | Any | IB |
| T1a | N0 | M0 | GX | Any | IA |
| T1b | N0 | M0 | G1-3 | Any | IB |
| T1b | N0 | M0 | GX | Any | IB |
| T2 | N0 | M0 | G1 | Any | IB |
| T2 | N0 | M0 | G2-3 | Any | IIA |
| T2 | N0 | M0 | GX | Any | IIA |
| T3 | N0 | M0 | Any | Lower | IIA |
| T3 | N0 | M0 | G1 | Upper/middle | IIA |
| T3 | N0 | M0 | G2-3 | Upper/middle | IIB |
| T3 | N0 | M0 | GX | Any | IIB |
| T3 | N0 | M0 | Any | Location X | IIB |
| T1 | N1 | M0 | Any | Any | IIB |
| T1 | N2 | M0 | Any | Any | IIIA |
| T2 | N1 | M0 | Any | Any | IIIA |
| T2 | N2 | M0 | Any | Any | IIIB |
| T3 | N1-2 | M0 | Any | Any | IIIB |
| T4a | N0-1 | M0 | Any | Any | IIIB |
| T4a | N2 | M0 | Any | Any | IVA |
| T4b | N0-2 | M0 | Any | Any | IVA |
| Any T | N3 | M0 | Any | Any | IVA |
| Any T | Any N | M1 | Any | Any | IVB |
| Post-neoadjuvant therapy (ypTNM) | |||||
| When ypT is... | And ypN is... | And M is... | Then the stage group is... | ||
| T0-2 | N0 | M0 | I | ||
| T3 | N0 | M0 | II | ||
| T0-2 | N1 | M0 | IIIA | ||
| T3 | N1 | M0 | IIIB | ||
| T0-3 | N2 | M0 | IIIB | ||
| T4a | N0 | M0 | IIIB | ||
| T4a | N1-2 | M0 | IVA | ||
| T4a | NX | M0 | IVA | ||
| T4b | N0-2 | M0 | IVA | ||
| Any T | N3 | M0 | IVA | ||
| Any T | Any N | M1 | IVB | ||
| Prognostic stage groups, adenocarcinoma | |||||
| Clinical (cTNM) | |||||
| When cT is... | And cN is... | And M is... | Then the stage group is... | ||
| Tis | N0 | M0 | 0 | ||
| T1 | N0 | M0 | I | ||
| T1 | N1 | M0 | IIA | ||
| T2 | N0 | M0 | IIB | ||
| T2 | N1 | M0 | III | ||
| T3 | N0-1 | M0 | III | ||
| T4a | N0-1 | M0 | III | ||
| T1-4a | N2 | M0 | IVA | ||
| T4b | N0-2 | M0 | IVA | ||
| Any T | N3 | M0 | IVA | ||
| Any T | Any N | M1 | IVB | ||
| Pathological (pTNM) | |||||
| When pT is... | And pN is... | And M is... | And G is... | Then the stage group is... | |
| Tis | N0 | M0 | N/A | 0 | |
| T1a | N0 | M0 | G1 | IA | |
| T1a | N0 | M0 | GX | IA | |
| T1a | N0 | M0 | G2 | IB | |
| T1b | N0 | M0 | G1-2 | IB | |
| T1b | N0 | M0 | GX | IB | |
| T1 | N0 | M0 | G3 | IC | |
| T2 | N0 | M0 | G1-2 | IC | |
| T2 | N0 | M0 | G3 | IIA | |
| T2 | N0 | M0 | GX | IIA | |
| T1 | N1 | M0 | Any | IIB | |
| T3 | N0 | M0 | Any | IIB | |
| T1 | N2 | M0 | Any | IIIA | |
| T2 | N1 | M0 | Any | IIIA | |
| T2 | N2 | M0 | Any | IIIB | |
| T3 | N1-2 | M0 | Any | IIIB | |
| T4a | N0-1 | M0 | Any | IIIB | |
| T4a | N2 | M0 | Any | IVA | |
| T4b | N0-2 | M0 | Any | IVA | |
| Any T | N3 | M0 | Any | IVA | |
| Any T | Any N | M1 | Any | IVB | |
| Post-neoadjuvant therapy (ypTNM) | |||||
| When ypT is... | And ypN is... | And M is... | Then the stage group is... | ||
| T0-2 | N0 | M0 | I | ||
| T3 | N0 | M0 | II | ||
| T0-2 | N1 | M0 | IIIA | ||
| T3 | N1 | M0 | IIIB | ||
| T0-3 | N2 | M0 | IIIB | ||
| T4a | N0 | M0 | IIIB | ||
| T4a | N1-2 | M0 | IVA | ||
| T4a | NX | M0 | IVA | ||
| T4b | N0-2 | M0 | IVA | ||
| Any T | N3 | M0 | IVA | ||
| Any T | Any N | M1 | IVB | ||
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