| Neoplastic | Clinical and imaging clues |
- Solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma
| - Homogeneously enhancing dural-based tumors; usually indistinguishable from meningioma by imaging
|
| | - Lack of hyperostosis; low apparent diffusion coefficient
|
| | - Abnormal SPEP, UPEP; anemia; renal insufficiency
|
| | - Edema; adjacent skull metastasis; known breast, prostate, or lung cancer
|
| | - Posterior fossa or spinal cord location
|
| | - Heterogenous enhancement, local invasion
|
| | - Rare, primarily seen in HIV-positive patients
|
| Non-neoplastic | Clinical clues |
| | - Uncommon manifestation of neurosarcoidosis; systemic disease may or may not be present
|
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
| - Constitutional symptoms, renal insufficiency
|
- Histiocytic disorders (eg, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Erdheim-Chester disease)
| - Bone lesions, multiorgan involvement, diabetes insipidus
|
| | - Orbital location; multiple tumors; elevated serum IgG4
|
| | - Massive painless cervical lymphadenopathy and fever
|
| | - Endemic regions; immunocompromise; chronic cough and constitutional symptoms
|
