Classification | Description |
- Neoplastic
| - Lymphangioleiomyomatosis – sporadic as well as associated with tuberous sclerosis
- Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis and non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses, including Erdheim-Chester disease
- Other primary and metastatic neoplasms, such as sarcomas, adenocarcinomas, pleuropulmonary blastoma, etc
|
- Genetic/developmental/congenital
| - Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome
- Proteus syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Congenital pulmonary airway malformation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, etc
|
- Associated with lymphoproliferative and connective tissue disorders
| - Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
- Follicular bronchiolitis
- Sjögren's disease
- Amyloidosis
- Light-chain deposition disease
|
- Infectious
| - Pneumocystis jiroveci
- Staphylococcal pneumonia
- Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
- Endemic fungal diseases, especially coccidioidomycosis
- Paragonimiasis
|
- Associated with interstitial lung diseases
| - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Desquamative interstitial pneumonia
|
- Smoking related
| - Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Desquamative interstitial pneumonia
- Respiratory bronchiolitis
|
- Other/miscellaneous
| - Post-traumatic pseudocysts
- Fire-eater's lung
- Hyper-IgE syndrome
|
- DCLD mimics
| - Emphysema
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Bronchiectasis
- Honeycombing seen in late-stage scarring interstitial lung diseases
|