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Infectious agents for which donated blood is screened in the United States

Infectious agents for which donated blood is screened in the United States
Infectious organism Test method used and comments on testing
Babesia microti (babesiosis) Units collected in high-risk regions of the United States undergo nucleic acid minipool testing for parasite nucleic acid  
Cytomegalovirus Selected units are tested to establish a CMV-negative inventory for at-risk recipients, using an immunoassay for anti-CMV antibodies
Hepatitis B virus All units; immunoassay for HBsAg and HBc antibody and nucleic acid minipool testing for viral DNA
Hepatitis C virus All units; immunoassay for antibody and nucleic acid minipool testing for viral RNA
HIV-1 and 2 All units; immunoassay for antibody (with further confirmation testing if reactive) and nucleic acid minipool testing for viral RNA
HTLV-I and II All units; immunoassay for antibody (with further confirmation testing if reactive)
Treponema pallidum (syphilis) All units; usually immunoassay for T. pallidum-specific antibody; may also perform an additional non-treponemal immunoassay on reactive samples to help determine when infection occurred
Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) Initial donation from all donors; immunoassay for antibody (with further confirmation testing if reactive)
West Nile virus All units; nucleic acid minipool or individual donation testing for viral RNA
Zika virus Previously all units, using nucleic acid minipool or individual donation testing for viral RNA; phased out in 2021 due to diminished risk
Refer to UpToDate for a discussion of the laboratory testing of donated blood. In addition to this testing, platelets, which are stored at room temperature, also undergo bacterial testing, the details of which vary by institution. Additional donor screening, self-deferral, and in some cases pathogen inactivation processes are used to address the risks listed in the table as well as other infectious risks.
CMV: cytomegalovirus; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBc: hepatitis B core antigen; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HTLV: human T-lymphotropic virus.
Graphic 106595 Version 6.0

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