Causes of hypoventilation in pediatric patients

Brain	CCHS LO-CHS ROHHAD Asphyxia Tumor Chiari II malformation (Arnold-Chiari) Head trauma
Spinal cord	Spinal muscular atrophy Spinal cord injury
Nerves	Guillain-Barré syndrome Phrenic nerve injury
Neuromuscular junction	Myasthenia gravis
Muscles	Muscular dystrophy Myopathy
Lung	Pneumonia Aspiration Lung hypoplasia Malformation Chronic lung disease
Airway	Laryngomalacia Obstructive sleep apnea
Developmental	Prematurity
Systemic	Metabolic alkalosis Sepsis Obesity CNS infection Inborn errors of metabolism CNS depressant drugs
Multisite	Prader-Willi syndrome Achondroplasia Trisomy 21

CCHS: congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; LO-CHS: late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome; ROHHAD: rapid-onset obesity, hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation and autonomic dysregulation (also known as rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and neural crest tumors; ROHHAD[NET]); CNS: central nervous system.

Courtesy of Dr. Robert Brouillette.

Graphic 104967 Version 2.0

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Causes of hypoventilation in pediatric patients