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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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WHO clinical staging of HIV/AIDS for children with confirmed HIV infection

WHO clinical staging of HIV/AIDS for children with confirmed HIV infection
Clinical stage 1
Asymptomatic
Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
Clinical stage 2
Unexplained persistent hepatosplenomegaly
Papular pruritic eruptions
Fungal nail infection
Angular cheilitis
Lineal gingival erythema
Extensive wart virus infection
Extensive molluscum contagiosum
Recurrent oral ulcerations
Unexplained persistent parotid enlargement
Herpes zoster
Recurrent or chronic upper respiratory tract infections (otitis media, otorrhea, sinusitis or tonsillitis)
Clinical stage 3
Unexplained* moderate malnutrition or wasting not adequately responding to standard therapy
Unexplained persistent diarrhea (14 days or more)
Unexplained persistent fever (above 37.5°C intermittent or constant for longer than 1 month)
Persistent oral candidiasis (after first 6 to 8 weeks of life)
Oral hairy leukoplakia
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis or periodontitis
Lymph node tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Severe recurrent bacterial pneumonia
Symptomatic lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis
Chronic HIV-associated lung disease including bronchiectasis
Unexplained anemia (hemoglobin <8 g/dL), neutropenia (ANC <500 cells/microL [<0.5 × 109/L]) and or chronic thrombocytopenia (platelet count <50,000 cells/micoL [<50 × 109 per litre])
Clinical stage 4
Unexplained severe wasting, stunting, or severe malnutrition not responding to standard therapy
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Recurrent severe bacterial infections (such as empyema, pyomyositis, bone or joint infection, or meningitis, but excluding pneumonia)
Chronic herpes simplex infection (orolabial or cutaneous of more than 1 month's duration or visceral at any site)
Esophageal candidiasis (or candidiasis of trachea, bronchi, or lungs)
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Kaposi sarcoma
Cytomegalovirus infection – Retinitis or cytomegalovirus infection affecting another organ, with onset at age older than 1 month
Central nervous system toxoplasmosis (after 1 month of life)
Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis (including meningitis)
HIV encephalopathy
Disseminated endemic mycosis (coccidiomycosis or histoplasmosis)
Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection
Chronic cryptosporidiosis (with diarrhea)
Chronic isosporiasis
Cerebral or B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Symptomatic HIV-associated nephropathy or HIV-associated cardiomyopathy
WHO: World Health Organization; AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome; ANC: absolute neutrophil count.
* Unexplained refers to where the condition is not explained by other causes.
¶ Some additional specific conditions can also be included in regional classifications (such as reactivation of American trypanosomiasis [meningoencephalitis and/or myocarditis] in the WHO Region of the Americas, disseminated penicilliosis in Asia, and HIV-associated rectovaginal fistula in Africa).
Reprinted from: WHO case definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging and immunological classification of HIV-related disease in adults and children. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007. Copyright © 2007 World Health Organization.
Graphic 104882 Version 2.0

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