Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations during laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma

Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations during laparoscopic adrenalectomy (n = 8) for pheochromocytoma. Individual data (dashed lines) and mean (open circle and solid line). Normal values for epinephrine and norepinephrine plasma concentrations were 0 to 100 ng/L and 0 to 500 ng/L, respectively. Catecholamine concentrations were measured before the induction of anesthesia (PREOP); after induction of anesthesia (POST IND); 5 minutes after tilting the patient to the lateral position (LAT POSIT); 5 (PNP-5), 15 (PNP-15), and 30 minutes (PNP-30) after peritoneal insufflation; during adrenal manipulation (MANIP); after adrenal vein clamping (CLAMP); 5 minutes after tumor removal (TUMORECT); and at the end of surgery in supine position (END). Epinephrine: p<0.05 PREOP and POST-IND versus PNP-5, PNP-15, PNP-30, MANIP, and CLAMP; LAT POSIT versus PNP-30, MANIP, and CLAMP; PNP-5 versus MANIP; MANIP and CLAMP versus TUMORECT and END. Norepinephrine: p<0.05 PREOP and POST-IND versus PNP-30, MANIP, and CLAMP; LAT POSIT versus MANIP; MANIP and CLAMP versus END. Symbols for statistically significant differences have been omitted for clarity.