Brain MRI of temporal lobe-dominant presentation of neurosyphilis mimicking viral encephalitis

Coronal T2-weighted (A, B) and axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (C, D) images of the patient pretreatment (A, C) and post-treatment (B, D) for neurosyphilis. Pretreatment, swelling, and edematous signal change were seen in the right amygdala and hippocampus (arrows) mimicking a viral encephalitis. The follow-up imaging six months post-treatment shows atrophy of the right medial temporal structures.