Organ-specific complications of pheochromocytoma-related hypertension

Organ	Syndrome	Mechanism
Heart	Acute failure Angina Arrhythmias Cardiomyopathies* Myocardial infarction Myocarditis	Coronary spasm Hypoperfusion Positive chronotropic effect Positive inotropic effect Unmatched O₂ demand
Brain	Encephalopathy Stroke	Hypoperfusion Unmatched O₂ demand Vasoconstriction
Vascular	Aortic dissection Limb ischemia Organ ischemia Postural hypotension Shock	Hypoperfusion Unmatched O₂ demand Vasoconstriction
Kidneys	Acute renal failure Hematuria	Hypoperfusion Unmatched O₂ demand Vasoconstriction
Lungs	Acute respiratory distress syndrome Fibrosis (?) Pulmonary edema Pulmonary hypertension (?)	Cardiac decompensation Increased permeability
Gastrointestinal tract	Intestinal ischemia (necrosis, peritonitis)	Hypoperfusion Unmatched O₂ demand Vasoconstriction
Ocular	Acute blindness Retinopathy	Vasoconstriction
Acute multiorgan failure	All of the above	—

* Including acute (dilated, takotsubo) and chronic (hypertrophic, ischemic, obstructive); ?: uncertain/unclear.

Data from: Zuber SM, Kantorovich V, Pacak K. Hypertension in pheochromocytoma: characteristics and treatment. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2011; 40:295.

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خرید پکیج

Organ-specific complications of pheochromocytoma-related hypertension