Evaluation and management of patients with medullary thyroid cancer diagnosed on the basis of fine needle aspiration biopsy of a thyroid nodule

ADX: adrenalectomy; Ctn: calcitonin; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; EBRT: external beam radiotherapy; FNA: fine needle aspiration; HPTH: hyperparathyroidism; LND: lymph node dissection; MTC: medullary thyroid cancer; M: metastatic MTC; PHEO: pheochromocytoma; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor; TTX: total thyroidectomy; US: ultrasound.
* Ctn and CEA are measured to determine whether they are produced by the tumor, and if so, as a baseline for comparison with the results obtained after surgery. In addition, patients with preoperative Ctn >500 pg/mL require additional preoperative imaging.