| Malignant causes | | Lymphoma and other lymphoid neoplasms (eg, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Castleman's disease, multiple myeloma, Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma) | | Leukemia (eg, acute lymphoblastic leukemia) | | Metastatic cancer (eg, lung, esophagus, gastrointestinal, breast) | | Lymphangitis carcinomatosis | | Kaposi sarcoma | | Lymphosarcoma | | Non malignant lymphoid disorders (eg, lymphoid histiocytosis) | | | Benign | | Infectious | | Mycobacterial disease – M. tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterium | | Fungal infection – histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis | | Infectious mononucleosis (Epstein Barr virus) | | Human immune deficiency virus | | Pulmonary anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) | | Bacterial abscess (eg, actinomycosis) | | Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) | | Inflammatory | | Sarcoidosis | | Rheumatoid arthritis | | Systemic sclerosis | | Systemic lupus erythematosus | | Whipple's disease | | Cystic fibrosis | | Hypersensitivity pneumonitis | | Pneumoconiosis (coal, beryllium, silica, asbestos) | | Lymphomatoid granulomatosis | | Rosai-Dorfman disease | | Amyloidosis | | Reactive | | Local infection (eg, pneumonia, pharyngitis) | | Pulmonary edema | | Mediastinal hematoma | |
