Historical feature | Potential significance |
Scoliosis | |
When was scoliosis first noted? | AIS has onset at ≥10 years |
What is the rate of progression? | Rapid progression may indicate nonidiopathic etiology |
Associated symptoms | |
Is there associated pain that limits activities, wakes the patient at night, or requires frequent analgesia? | May indicate nonidiopathic etiology and require additional evaluation |
Are there symptoms of neuromuscular etiology (eg, muscle weakness, bowel or bladder problems, headache, neck pain)? | May indicate neuromuscular etiology and require additional evaluation |
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing? | May indicate severe thoracic scoliosis |
Risk for progression | |
What is the height trajectory? Has the pubertal growth spurt begun? | AIS may progress during the pubertal growth spurt |
Has menarche occurred (for female patients)? | The risk for progression decreases after menarche |
For male patients, have they started shaving every day (or do they need to)? | The risk for progression decreases after the need for daily shaving |
Past medical history | |
Leg fracture, joint infection, or arthritis? | May be associated with leg-length discrepancy |
Family history | |
Is there a family history of scoliosis? | AIS runs in families |
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