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The Evolution of Hemoglobin A1c Targets for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Rationale and Supporting Evidence
Maria J. Redondo, Ingrid Libman, David M. Maahs, Sarah K. Lyons, Mindy Saraco, Jane Reusch, Henry Rodriguez and Linda A. DiMeglio
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1978
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 301-312
The American Diabetes Association 2020 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes (Standards of Care) recommends a hemoglobin A1c (A1C) of <7% (53 mmol/mol) for many children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), with an emphasis on target personalization. A higher A1C target of <7.5% may be more suitable for youth who cannot articulate symptoms of hypoglycemia or have hypoglycemia unawareness and for those who do not have access to analog insulins or advanced diabetes technologies or who cannot monitor blood glucose regularly.
Apps and the Woman With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Jincy Immanuel and David Simmons
doi : 10.2337/dci20-0068
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 313-315
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 1–45% of pregnancies depending on the population and diagnostic criteria selected (1). A meta-analysis with 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed that GDM management improves pregnancy outcomes (2). GDM management involves counseling, dietary modification, physical activity, glucose monitoring, and, where glycemic thresholds are exceeded, supplemental pharmacological therapies.
Spontaneous or Deliberate: Effects of Acute Variations in Glycemia on Gastric Emptying in Type 1 Diabetes
Michael Horowitz, Tongzhi Wu, Christopher K. Rayner, Chinmay S. Marathe and Karen L. Jones
doi : 10.2337/dci20-0067
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 316-318
During the last 30 years, there has been a paradigm shift in knowledge relating to gastric emptying in diabetes, reflecting the application of novel investigative techniques. Scintigraphy, which utilizes radiolabeled solid and/or liquid meals and a ?-camera, remains the gold standard for quantifying gastric emptying (1,2).
The Prognostic Value of Time in Range in Type 2 Diabetes
Elizabeth Selvin
doi : 10.2337/dci20-0066
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 319-320
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is the recommended approach to the assessment of hypoglycemia and glycemic variability in the setting of type 1 diabetes (1). The latest generation of CGM systems measure glucose every minute or every few minutes, with devices providing ?1,300 to up to ?20,000 measurements per person for a 14-day wear period. With this many measurements per person, the question arises of how to summarize the data in the most clinically useful manner and best communicate the results to patients. Time in range has emerged as a CGM metric with clinical utility in the management of type 1 diabetes (2,3).
Presence of Liver Steatosis Is Associated With Greater Diabetes Remission After Gastric Bypass Surgery
Roman Vangoitsenhoven, Rickesha L. Wilson, Deepa V. Cherla, Chao Tu, Sangeeta R. Kashyap, David E. Cummings, Philip R. Schauer and Ali Aminian
doi : 10.2337/dc20-0150
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 321-325
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and ?-cell dysfunction. Ectopic fat accumulation in liver and muscle causes IR. Since bariatric and metabolic surgery significantly improves fatty liver disease, we hypothesized that coexistence of liver steatosis (i.e., when hepatic IR contributes in T2DM) would be associated with greater diabetes improvement after surgery.
Independent Observational Analysis of Ulcer Outcomes for SINBAD and University of Texas Ulcer Scoring Systems
Graham P. Leese, Enrique Soto-Pedre and Christopher Schofield
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1817
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 326-331
The aim of this study was to compare the University of Texas (UT) and Site, Ischemia, Neuropathy, Bacterial Infection, and Depth (SINBAD) foot ulcer scores in predicting ulcer outcome within a routine diabetes foot clinic.
Parent and Pediatrician Preferences for Type 1 Diabetes Screening in the U.S.
Jessica L. Dunne, Anne Koralova, Jessie Sutphin, Jesse S. Bushman, Barbara Fontanals-Ciera, Joshua R. Coulter, Campbell T. Hutton, Marian J. Rewers and Carol Mansfield
doi : 10.2337/dc20-0927
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 332-339
The purpose of this study was to use a discrete-choice experiment methodology to understand the relative importance of the attributes of screening tests for type 1 diabetes among parents and pediatricians in the U.S.
Association of Baseline Characteristics With Insulin Sensitivity and ?-Cell Function in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study Cohort
Neda Rasouli, Naji Younes, Kristina M. Utzschneider, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Andrea L. Cherrington, Faramarz Ismail-Beigi, Robert M. Cohen, Darin E. Olson, Ralph A. DeFronzo, William H. Herman, John M. Lachin, Steven E. Kahn and the GRADE Research Group
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1787
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 340-349
We investigated sex and racial differences in insulin sensitivity, ?-cell function, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the associations with selected phenotypic characteristics.
Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Individuals With Diabetes
Zhenzhen Wan, Jingyu Guo, An Pan, Chen Chen, Liegang Liu and Gang Liu
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1485
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 350-357
The evidence regarding vitamin D status and mortality among people with diabetes is scarce. This study aimed to examine the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults with diabetes.
Interpretable Machine Learning Framework Reveals Robust Gut Microbiome Features Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
Wanglong Gou, Chu-wen Ling, Yan He, Zengliang Jiang, Yuanqing Fu, Fengzhe Xu, Zelei Miao, Ting-yu Sun, Jie-sheng Lin, Hui-lian Zhu, Hongwei Zhou, Yu-ming Chen and Ju-Sheng Zheng
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1536
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 358-366
To identify the core gut microbial features associated with type 2 diabetes risk and potential demographic, adiposity, and dietary factors associated with these features.
Glycemic Control and Risk of Cellulitis
Galia Zacay, Fabienne Hershkowitz Sikron and Anthony D. Heymann
doi : 10.2337/dc19-1393
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 367-372
We know that diabetes predisposes to common infections, such as cellulitis and pneumonia. However, the correlation between the level of glycemic control and the rate of infection is unknown.
Incremental Risk of Developing Severe COVID-19 Among Mexican Patients With Diabetes Attributed to Social and Health Care Access Disadvantages
Sandra G. Sosa-Rub?, Jacqueline A. Seiglie, Carlos Chivardi, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, James B. Meigs, Deborah J. Wexler, Veronika J. Wirtz, Octavio G?mez-Dantés and Edson Serv?n-Mori
doi : 10.2337/dc20-2192
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 373-380
Diabetes is an important risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but little is known about the marginal effect of additional risk factors for severe COVID-19 among individuals with diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that sociodemographic, access to health care, and presentation to care characteristics among individuals with diabetes in Mexico confer an additional risk of hospitalization with COVID-19.
Patient Health Utility Equations for a Type 2 Diabetes Model
Simon J. Neuwahl, Ping Zhang, Haiying Chen, Hui Shao, Michael Laxy, Andrea M. Anderson, Timothy E. Craven, Thomas J. Hoerger and the Look AHEAD Research Group
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1207
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 381-389
To estimate the health utility impact of diabetes-related complications in a large, longitudinal U.S. sample of people with type 2 diabetes.
Clinical Impact of Residual C-Peptide Secretion in Type 1 Diabetes on Glycemia and Microvascular Complications
Anita Jeyam, Helen Colhoun, Stuart McGurnaghan, Luke Blackbourn, Timothy J. McDonald, Colin N.A. Palmer, John A. McKnight, Mark W.J. Strachan, Alan W. Patrick, John Chalmers, Robert S. Lindsay, John R. Petrie, Sandeep Thekkepat, Andrew Collier, Sandra MacRury and Paul M. McKeigue, on behalf of SDRNT1BIO Investigators
doi : 10.2337/dc20-0567
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 390-398
To quantify the relationship of residual C-peptide secretion to glycemic outcomes and microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes.
Advanced Liver Fibrosis Is Common in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Followed in the Outpatient Setting: The Need for Systematic Screening
Romina Lomonaco, Eddison Godinez Leiva, Fernando Bril, Sulav Shrestha, Lydia Mansour, Jeff Budd, Jessica Portillo Romero, Siegfried Schmidt, Ku-Lang Chang, George Samraj, John Malaty, Katherine Huber, Pierre Bedossa, Srilaxmi Kalavalapalli, Jonathan Marte, Diana Barb, Danielle Poulton, Nada Fanous and Kenneth Cusi
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1997
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 399-406
Assess the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and of liver fibrosis associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in unselected patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Health Care Use and Costs in Individuals With Diabetes With and Without Comorbid Depression in Germany: Results of the Cross-sectional DiaDec Study
Manuela Brüne, Ute Linnenkamp, Silke Andrich, Linda Jaffan-Kolb, Heiner Claessen, Charalabos-Markos Dintsios, Imke Schmitz-Losem, Johannes Kruse, Nadja Chernyak, Mickaël Hiligsmann, Norbert Hermanns and Andrea Icks
doi : 10.2337/dc19-2487
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 407-415
Increased health care use and costs have been reported in individuals with diabetes with comorbid depression. Knowledge regarding cost differences between individuals with diabetes alone and those with diabetes and diagnosed/undiagnosed depression is, however, scarce. We therefore compared use and costs for patients with diabetes and no depression and patients with diabetes and documented depression diagnosis or self-reported depression symptoms for several cost components, including mental health care costs.
Interaction Between GAD65 Antibodies and Dietary Fish Intake or Plasma Phospholipid n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Incident Adult-Onset Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Study
Josefin E. L?fvenborg, Sofia Carlsson, Tomas Andersson, Christiane S. Hampe, Albert Koulman, Mar?a Dolores Chirlaque Lopez, Paula Jakszyn, Verena A. Katzke, Tilman Kühn, Cecilie Kyr?, Giovanna Masala, Peter M. Nilsson, Kim Overvad, Salvatore Panico, Maria-Jose S?nchez, Yvonne van der Schouw, Matthias B. Schulze, Anne Tj?nneland, Elisabete Weiderpass, Elio Riboli, Nita G. Forouhi, Stephen J. Sharp, Olov Rolandsson and Nicholas J. Wareham
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1463
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 416-424
Islet autoimmunity is associated with diabetes incidence. We investigated whether there was an interaction between dietary fish intake or plasma phospholipid n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration with the 65-kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65) antibody positivity on the risk of developing adult-onset diabetes.
Exercise During the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Risks of Abnormal Screening and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Samantha F. Ehrlich, Assiamira Ferrara, Monique M. Hedderson, Juanran Feng and Romain Neugebauer
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1475
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 425-432
To estimate the effects of exercise during the first trimester on the risks of abnormal screening and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Durability of Triple Combination Therapy Versus Stepwise Addition Therapy in Patients With New-Onset T2DM: 3-Year Follow-up of EDICT
Muhammad Abdul-Ghani, Curtiss Puckett, John Adams, Ahmad Khattab, Gozde Baskoy, Eugenio Cersosimo, Curtis Triplitt and Ralph A. DeFronzo
doi : 10.2337/dc20-0978
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 433-439
To compare the long-term efficacy of initiating therapy with metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide in patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin.
Natriuretic Effect of Two Weeks of Dapagliflozin Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Preserved Kidney Function During Standardized Sodium Intake: Results of the DAPASALT Trial
Rosalie A. Scholtes, Marcel H.A. Muskiet, Michiel J.B. van Baar, Anne C. Hesp, Peter J. Greasley, Cecilia Karlsson, Ann Hammarstedt, Niki Arya, Daniël H. van Raalte and Hiddo J.L. Heerspink
doi : 10.2337/dc20-2604
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 440-447
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk for heart failure hospitalization potentially by inducing sodium excretion, osmotic diuresis, and plasma volume contraction. Few studies have investigated this hypothesis, but none have assessed cumulative sodium excretion with SGLT2 inhibition during standardized sodium intake in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Three Different Formulations of Insulin Aspart: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study in Men With Type 1 Diabetes
Eva Svehlikova, Ines Mursic, Thomas Augustin, Christoph Magnes, David Gerring, Jan Jezek, Daniela Schwarzenbacher, Maria Ratzer, Michael Wolf, Sarah Howell, Leon Zakrzewski, Martina Urschitz, Bernd Tschapeller, Christina Gatschelhofer, Franz Feichtner, Fiona Lawrence and Thomas R. Pieber
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1017
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 448-455
To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and safety of a novel formulation of insulin aspart (AT247) versus two currently marketed insulin aspart formulations (NovoRapid [IAsp] and Fiasp [faster IAsp]).
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of a Smartphone Application–Based Lifestyle Coaching Program on Gestational Weight Gain, Glycemic Control, and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The SMART-GDM Study
Tong Wei Yew, Claudia Chi, Shiao-Yng Chan, Rob M. van Dam, Clare Whitton, Chang Siang Lim, Pin Sym Foong, Winni Fransisca, Chieu Leng Teoh, Jeannie Chen, Su Tin Ho-Lim, Su Lin Lim, Kai Wen Ong, Peck-Hoon Ong, Bee Choo Tai and E Shyong Tai
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1216
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 456-463
SMART-GDM examined whether Habits-GDM, a smartphone application (app) coaching program, can prevent excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and improve glycemic control and maternal and neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
A Randomized Clinical Trial Assessing Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Use With Standardized Education With or Without a Family Behavioral Intervention Compared With Fingerstick Blood Glucose Monitoring in Very Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Strategies to Enhance New CGM Use in Early Childhood (SENCE) Study Group
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1060
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 464-472
This study evaluated the effects of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) combined with family behavioral intervention (CGM+FBI) and CGM alone (Standard-CGM) on glycemic outcomes and parental quality of life compared with blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in children ages 2 to <8 years with type 1 diabetes.
Extended Use of the Control-IQ Closed-Loop Control System in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Lauren G. Kanapka, R. Paul Wadwa, Marc D. Breton, Katrina J. Ruedy, Laya Ekhlaspour, Gregory P. Forlenza, Eda Cengiz, Melissa J. Schoelwer, Emily Jost, Lori Carria, Emma Emory, Liana J. Hsu, Stuart A. Weinzimer, Mark D. DeBoer, Bruce A. Buckingham, Mary Oliveri, Craig Kollman, Betsy B. Dokken, Daniel Cher?avvsky and Roy W. Beck, for the iDCL Trial Research Group
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1729
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 473-478
To further evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Control-IQ closed-loop control (CLC) system in children with type 1 diabetes.
Day-to-Day Variations in Fasting Plasma Glucose Do Not Influence Gastric Emptying in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes
Lea Aigner, Bj?rn Becker, Sonja Gerken, Daniel R. Quast, Juris J. Meier and Michael A. Nauck
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1660
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 479-488
Acute experimental variations in glycemia decelerate (hyperglycemia) or accelerate (hypoglycemia) gastric emptying. Whether spontaneous variations in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) have a similar influence on gastric emptying is yet unclear.
Hepatic Insulin Resistance Is Not Pathway Selective in Humans With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Kasper W. ter Horst, Daniel F. Vatner, Dongyan Zhang, Gary W. Cline, Mariette T. Ackermans, Aart J. Nederveen, Joanne Verheij, Ahmet Demirkiran, Bart A. van Wagensveld, Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie, Max Nieuwdorp, Johannes A. Romijn, Gerald I. Shulman and Mireille J. Serlie
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1644
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 489-498
Both glucose and triglyceride production are increased in type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For decades, the leading hypothesis to explain these paradoxical observations has been selective hepatic insulin resistance wherein insulin drives de novo lipogenesis (DNL) while failing to suppress glucose production. Here, we aimed to test this hypothesis in humans.
Association of Serum Bile Acids Profile and Pathway Dysregulation With the Risk of Developing Diabetes Among Normoglycemic Chinese Adults: Findings From the 4C Study
Jieli Lu, Shuangyuan Wang, Mian Li, Zhengnan Gao, Yu Xu, Xinjie Zhao, Chunyan Hu, Yi Zhang, Ruixin Liu, Ruying Hu, Lixin Shi, Ruizhi Zheng, Rui Du, Qing Su, Jiqiu Wang, Yuhong Chen, Xuefeng Yu, Li Yan, Tiange Wang, Zhiyun Zhao, Xiaolin Wang, Qi Li, Guijun Qin, Qin Wan, Gang Chen, Min Xu, Meng Dai, Di Zhang, Xulei Tang, Guixia Wang, Feixia Shen, Zuojie Luo, Yingfen Qin, Li Chen, Yanan Huo, Qiang Li, Zhen Ye, Yinfei Zhang, Chao Liu, Youmin Wang, Shengli Wu, Tao Yang, Huacong Deng, Donghui Li, Shenghan Lai, Yiming Mu, Lulu Chen, Jiajun Zhao, Guowang Xu, Guang Ning, Yufang Bi and Weiqing Wang, for the 4C Study Group
doi : 10.2337/dc20-0884
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 499-510
Comprehensive assessment of serum bile acids (BAs) aberrations before diabetes onset remains inconclusive. We examined the association of serum BA profile and coregulation with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among normoglycemic Chinese adults.
Processes Underlying Glycemic Deterioration in Type 2 Diabetes: An IMI DIRECT Study
Roberto Bizzotto, Christopher Jennison, Angus G. Jones, Azra Kurbasic, Andrea Tura, Gwen Kennedy, Jimmy D. Bell, E. Louise Thomas, Gary Frost, Rebeca Eriksen, Robert W. Koivula, Soren Brage, Jane Kaye, Andrew T. Hattersley, Alison Heggie, Donna McEvoy, Leen M. ’t Hart, Joline W. Beulens, Petra Elders, Petra B. Musholt, Martin Ridderstr?le, Tue H. Hansen, Kristine H. Allin, Torben Hansen, Henrik Vestergaard, Agnete T. Lundgaard, Henrik S. Thomsen, Federico De Masi, Konstantinos D. Tsirigos, S?ren Brunak, Ana Vi?uela, Anubha Mahajan, Timothy J. McDonald, Tarja Kokkola, Ian M. Forgie, Giuseppe N. Giordano, Imre Pavo, Hartmut Ruetten, Emmanouil Dermitzakis, Mark I. McCarthy, Oluf Pedersen, Jochen M. Schwenk, Jerzy Adamski, Paul W. Franks, Mark Walker, Ewan R. Pearson and Andrea Mari, for the IMI DIRECT consortium
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1567
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 511-518
We investigated the processes underlying glycemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
High Prevalence of Advanced Liver Fibrosis Assessed by Transient Elastography Among U.S. Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Stefano Ciardullo, Tommaso Monti and Gianluca Perseghin
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1778
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 519-525
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor for the progression of metabolic liver disease to advanced fibrosis. Here, we provide an estimate of the prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis in U.S. adults with T2DM on the basis of transient elastography (TE) and identify factors associated with these conditions.
COVID-19 Severity Is Tripled in the Diabetes Community: A Prospective Analysis of the Pandemic’s Impact in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Justin M. Gregory, James C. Slaughter, Sara H. Duffus, T. Jordan Smith, Lauren M. LeStourgeon, Sarah S. Jaser, Allison B. McCoy, James M. Luther, Erin R. Giovannetti, Schafer Boeder, Jeremy H. Pettus and Daniel J. Moore
doi : 10.2337/dc20-2260
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 526-532
To quantify and contextualize the risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related hospitalization and illness severity in type 1 diabetes.
Restoration of Hypoglycemia Awareness Alters Brain Activity in Type 1 Diabetes
Munachiso Nwokolo, Stephanie A. Amiel, Owen O’Daly, Ian A. Macdonald, Fernando O. Zelaya and Pratik Choudhary
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1250
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 533-540
Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a major risk factor for severe hypoglycemia (SH) and is associated with atypical responses to hypoglycemia in brain regions involved in arousal, decision making, and memory. Whether restoration of hypoglycemia awareness alters these responses is unknown. We sought to investigate the impact of awareness restoration on brain responses to hypoglycemia.
Gluconeogenesis, But Not Glycogenolysis, Contributes to the Increase in Endogenous Glucose Production by SGLT-2 Inhibition
Peter Wolf, Paul Fellinger, Lorenz Pfleger, Hannes Beiglb?ck, Patrik Krumpolec, Chiara Barbieri, Amalia Gastaldelli, Jürgen Harreiter, Matth?us Metz, Thomas Scherer, Maximilian Zeyda, Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer, Rodrig Marculescu, Siegfried Trattnig, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Martin Kr???k and Michael Krebs
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1983
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 541-548
Recent studies indicate that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibition increases endogenous glucose production (EGP), potentially counteracting the glucose-lowering potency, and stimulates lipid oxidation and lipolysis. However, the acute effects of SGLT-2 inhibition on hepatic glycogen, lipid, and energy metabolism have not yet been analyzed. We therefore investigated the impact of a single dose of dapagliflozin (D) or placebo (P) on hepatic glycogenolysis, hepatocellular lipid (HCL) content and mitochondrial activity (kATP).
Time in Range in Relation to All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Jingyi Lu, Chunfang Wang, Yun Shen, Lei Chen, Lei Zhang, Jinghao Cai, Wei Lu, Wei Zhu, Gang Hu, Tian Xia and Jian Zhou
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1862
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 549-555
There is growing evidence linking time in range (TIR), an emerging metric for assessing glycemic control, to diabetes-related outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association between TIR and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Sex Differences in the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Associated With Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Tricia M. Peters, Michael V. Holmes, J. Brent Richards, Tom Palmer, Vincenzo Forgetta, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Christopher P. Nelson, Nilesh J. Samani, Mark I. McCarthy, Anubha Mahajan, George Davey Smith, Mark Woodward, Linda M. O’Keeffe and Sanne A.E. Peters
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1137
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 556-562
Observational studies have demonstrated that type 2 diabetes is a stronger risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) in women compared with men. However, it is not clear whether this reflects a sex differential in the causal effect of diabetes on CHD risk or results from sex-specific residual confounding.
Sedentary Behavior and Diabetes Risk Among Women Over the Age of 65 Years: The OPACH Study
John Bellettiere, Michael J. LaMonte, Genevieve N. Healy, Sandy Liles, Kelly R. Evenson, Chongzhi Di, Jacqueline Kerr, I-Min Lee, Eileen Rillamas-Sun, David Buchner, Melbourne F. Hovell and Andrea Z. LaCroix
doi : 10.2337/dc20-0709
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 563-570
To evaluate whether sedentary time (ST) and/or sedentary behavior patterns are related to incident diabetes in the U.S.’s oldest age-groups.
Association of Plasma Leucine-Rich ?-2 Glycoprotein 1, a Modulator of Transforming Growth Factor-? Signaling Pathway, With Incident Heart Failure in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Jian-Jun Liu, Sharon L.T. Pek, Jiexun Wang, Sylvia Liu, Keven Ang, Yi Ming Shao, Justin I.-Shing Tang, Resham L. Gurung, Subramaniam Tavintharan, Wern Ee Tang, Chee Fang Sum and Su Chi Lim
doi : 10.2337/dc20-2065
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 571-577
Leucine-rich ?-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a circulating protein potentially involved in several pathways related to pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). We aimed to study whether plasma LRG1 is associated with risks of incident HF and hospitalization attributable to HF (HHF) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Association Between Achieving Inpatient Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter, Retrospective Hospital-Based Analysis
David C. Klonoff, Jordan C. Messler, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Limin Peng, Robby Booth, Jennifer Crowe, Valerie Garrett, Raymie McFarland and Francisco J. Pasquel
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1857
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 578-585
Diabetes and hyperglycemia are important risk factors for poor outcomes in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesized that achieving glycemic control soon after admission, in both intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings, could affect outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
Dapagliflozin and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Exploratory Analysis From DAPA-HF
Silvio E. Inzucchi, Kieran F. Docherty, Lars K?ber, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Felipe A. Martinez, Piotr Ponikowski, Marc S. Sabatine, Scott D. Solomon, Subodh Verma, Jan B?lohl?vek, Michael B?hm, Chern-En Chiang, Rudolf A. de Boer, Mirta Diez, Andre Duk?t, Charlotta E.A. Ljungman, Olof Bengtsson, Anna Maria Langkilde, Mikaela Sj?strand, Pardeep S. Jhund and John J.V. McMurray, on behalf of the DAPA-HF Investigators and Committees
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1675
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 586-594
The sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality and worsening heart failure in the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial. This report explores the effect of dapagliflozin on incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the cohort without diabetes enrolled in the trial.
Comparison of Natriuretic Peptides as Risk Markers for All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular and Renal Complications in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Nete Tofte, Simone Theilade, Signe A. Winther, S?rine Birkelund, Jens P. Goetze, Tine W. Hansen and Peter Rossing
doi : 10.2337/dc20-2107
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 595-603
Few studies have compared midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). We compared their value as risk markers for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular (CV) and renal complications in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
A Meal Detection Algorithm for the Artificial Pancreas: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Emilie Palisaitis, Anas El Fathi, Julia E. von Oettingen, Ahmad Haidar and Laurent Legault
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1232
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 604-606
We developed a meal detection algorithm for the artificial pancreas (AP+MDA) that detects unannounced meals and delivers automatic insulin boluses.
Good Glycemic Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Low-Titer GAD Antibodies
Ruveena Kaur, David Kim, Richard Cutfield, Michael Booth, Lindsay Plank and Rinki Murphy
doi : 10.2337/dc20-0804
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 607-609
To evaluate diabetes remission after bariatric surgery by presence of GAD antibody among those with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Carbohydrate Requirements for Prolonged, Fasted Exercise With and Without Basal Rate Reductions in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Sarah M. McGaugh, Dessi P. Zaharieva, Rubin Pooni, Ninoschka C. D’Souza, Todd Vienneau, Trang T. Ly and Michael C. Riddell
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1554
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 610-613
Exercising while fasted with type 1 diabetes facilitates weight loss; however, the best strategy to maintain glucose stability remains unclear.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Increases Glycemic Variability and Time in Hypoglycemia in Patients With Obesity and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Ibiyemi Ilesanmi, George Tharakan, Kleopatra Alexiadou, Preeshila Behary, Haya Alessimii, Candace Bovill-Taylor, Julia Kenkre, Sirazum Choudhury, Chedie Doyle, Sanjay Purkayastha, Alex Miras, Christos Tsironis, Harvinder Chahal, Stephen R. Bloom, Nick S. Oliver, Ahmed R. Ahmed, Bernard Khoo and Tricia M.-M. Tan
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1609
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 614-617
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an established treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity. The study objective was to establish RYGB’s effects on glycemic variability (GV) and hypoglycemia.
Effects of Vitamin C Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Shaun A. Mason, Michelle A. Keske and Glenn D. Wadley
doi : 10.2337/dc20-1893
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 618-630
Evidence suggests that vitamin C supplementation could be a potential therapy in type 2 diabetes. However, its effectiveness and evidence quality require further evaluation.
Erratum. Profibrotic Circulating Proteins and Risk of Early Progressive Renal Decline in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With and Without Albuminuria. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2760–2767
Katsuhito Ihara, Jan Skupien, Hiroki Kobayashi, Zaipul I. Md Dom, Jonathan M. Wilson, Kristina O’Neil, Hannah S. Badger, Lenden M. Bowsman, Eiichiro Satake, Matthew D. Breyer, Kevin L. Duffin and Andrzej S. Krolewski
doi : 10.2337/dc21-er02
2021 Feb; 44 (2): 631
Diabetes and COVID-19–Related Mortality in Women and Men in the UK Biobank: Comparisons With Influenza/Pneumonia and Coronary Heart Disease
Marit de Jong, Mark Woodward and Sanne A.E. Peters
doi : 10.2337/dc20-2378
2021 Feb; 44 (2): e22-e24
Increased Hyperglycemia and Hospital-Acquired Infections Following Withdrawal of the RAPIDS Early Intervention Model of Diabetes Care in Medical and Surgical Inpatients
Mervyn Kyi, Joanna Wang and Spiros Fourlanos
doi : 10.2337/dc20-2469
2021 Feb; 44 (2): e25-e26
Diabetic Foot Care Before and During the COVID-19 Epidemic: What Really Matters?
Vilma Urban?i?-Rovan
doi : 10.2337/dc20-2650
2021 Feb; 44 (2): e27-e28
Comparison of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults During the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak and Over the Same Time Period for the Preceding 3 Years
Shivani Misra, Baktash Khozoee, Jiawei Huang, Kyriaki Mitsaki, Monika Reddy, Victoria Salem, Tricia Tan, George Tharakan, David Gable, Vassiliki Bravis and Jonathan Valabhji
doi : 10.2337/dc20-2062
2021 Feb; 44 (2): e29-e31
Use of Metformin and Cardiovascular Effects of New Classes of Glucose-Lowering Agents: A Meta-analysis of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials in Type 2 Diabetes
Francesco Zaccardi, David E. Kloecker, John B. Buse, Chantal Mathieu, Kamlesh Khunti and Melanie J. Davies
doi : 10.2337/dc20-2080
2021 Feb; 44 (2): e32-e34
Comment on Piccinini and Bergman The Measurement of Insulin Clearance. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2296–2302
Andrea Tura and Giovanni Pacini
doi : 10.2337/dc20-2444
2021 Feb; 44 (2): e35
