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In the Literature
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac597
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages i–ii
The Rapid Reduction of Infection-Related Visits and Antibiotic Use Among People With Cystic Fibrosis After Starting Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-IvacaftorÂ
Aaron C Miller, Logan M Harris, Joseph E Cavanaugh, Mahmoud Abou Alaiwa, David A Stoltz, Douglas B Hornick, Philip M Polgreen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac117
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1115–1122
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) routinely suffer from recurrent sinopulmonary infections. Such infections require frequent courses of antimicrobials and often involve multidrug-resistant organisms. The goal of this study was to identify real-world evidence for the effectiveness of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) in decreasing infection-related visits and antimicrobial use in people with CF.
Infectious Diseases-Related Hospitalizations During Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and Non-OPV Immunization Periods: An Empirical Evaluation of all Hospital Discharges in California (1985–2010)Â
Despina G Contopoulos-Ioannidis, Jonathan Altamirano, Yvonne Maldonado
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac114
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1123–1130
Live attenuated vaccines such as oral polio vaccine (OPV) can stimulate innate immunity and may have off-target protective effects on other pathogens. We aimed to address this hypothesis by examining changes in infectious diseases (ID)-related hospitalizations in all hospital discharges in California during OPV (1985–1996) and non-OPV immunization periods (2000–2010).
Predictive Value of Isolated Symptoms for Diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Children Tested During Peak Circulation of the Delta VariantÂ
Adrianna L Westbrook, Laura C Benedit, Jennifer K Frediani, Mark A Griffiths, Nabeel Y Khan, Joshua M Levy, Claudia R Morris, Christina A Rostad, Cheryl L Stone, Julie Sullivan, Miriam B Vos, Jean Welsh, Anna Wood, Greg S Martin, Wilbur Lam, Nira R Pollock
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac112
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1131–1139
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing policies for symptomatic children attending US schools or daycare vary, and whether isolated symptoms should prompt testing is unclear. We evaluated children presenting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing to determine if the likelihood of having a positive SARS-CoV-2 test differed between participants with 1 symptom vs ?2 symptoms, and to examine the predictive capability of isolated symptoms.
Prenatal Influenza Vaccination or Influenza Infection and Autism Spectrum Disorder in OffspringÂ
Tracy A Becerra-Culqui, Darios Getahun, Vicki Chiu, Lina S Sy, Hung Fu Tseng
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac101
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1140–1148
As prenatal vaccinations continue to be given more frequently, it is important to assess long-term safety events. We investigated the association between prenatal influenza vaccination or infection and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring.
Reemergence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Germany During the Spring and Summer of 2021Â
Stephanie Perniciaro, Mark van der Linden, Daniel M Weinberger
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac100
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1149–1153
The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) decreased worldwide in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021, concurrent with nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) intended to stymie transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In 2021, the stringency of these NPI strategies has varied. We investigated age- and serotype-specific variations in IPD case counts in Germany in 2020–2021.
Geographical Differences in the Self-Reported Functional Impairment of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Associations With Cardiometabolic RiskÂ
Kristine M Erlandson, Kathleen V Fitch, Sara A McCallum, Heather J Ribaudo, Edgar T Overton, Markella V Zanni, Gerald S Bloomfield, Todd T Brown, Carl J Fichtenbaum, Sara Bares, Judith A Aberg, Pamela S Douglas, Evelynne S Fulda, Jorge L Santana-Bagur, Jose G Castro, Laura E Moran, Vidya Mave, Khuanchai Supparatpinyo, Ponego L Ponatshego, Mauro Schechter, Steven K Grinspoon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac098
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1154–1163
We sought to explore multinational differences in functional status by global burden of disease (GBD) regions in the REPRIEVE cohort.
Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Microbiome Changes of Ibezapolstat in Adults with Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Phase 2a Multicenter Clinical TrialÂ
Kevin W Garey, Jacob McPherson, An Q Dinh, Chenlin Hu, Jinhee Jo, Weiqun Wang, Chris K Lancaster, Anne J Gonzales-Luna, Caroline Loveall, Khurshida Begum, M Jahangir Alam, Michael H Silverman, Blake M Hanson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac096
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1164–1170
This study was the first human validation of the gram-positive bacterial DNA polymerase IIIC target in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection. The primary objectives were to assess clinical cure rates and adverse events (AEs). Secondary objectives were to evaluate plasma/fecal pharmacokinetics, microbiologic eradication, microbiome and bile acid effects, and sustained clinical cure (SCC) with ibezapolstat.
Infective Endocarditis Among High-risk Individuals Before and After the Cessation of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Dentistry: A National Cohort StudyÂ
Niko V?h?sarja, Bodil Lund, Anders Ternhag, Bengt G?trick, Lars Olaison, Margareta Hultin, Anna Warnqvist, Carina Krüger Weiner, Aron Naimi-Akbar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac095
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1171–1178
A few years after the publication of the British guidelines, national recommendations were published by the Swedish Medical Products Agency in October 2012, promoting the cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the incidence of oral streptococcal IE increased among high-risk individuals after October 2012.
Adenovirus-Based Vaccines and Thrombosis in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisÂ
Lauren Pischel, Kavin M Patel, George Goshua, Saad B Omer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac080
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1179–1186
Rare cases of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome [TTS]) have been associated with 2 coronavirus disease 2019 adenovirus vector vaccines: the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaxzevria vaccine (Oxford/AstraZeneca) and the JNJ-7836735 Johnson & Johnson vaccine (Janssen). It is unknown if TTS is a class-mediated effect of adenovirus-based vaccines or if it could worsen known hypercoagulable states. Since most cases of TTS happen in women of childbearing age, pregnancy is a crucial risk factor to assess. Understanding these risks is important for advising vaccine recipients and future adenovirus vector vaccine development.
Clinical Decision Support Systems to Reduce Unnecessary Clostridioides difficile Testing Across Multiple HospitalsÂ
Clare Rock, Oluchi Abosi, Susan Bleasdale, Erin Colligan, Daniel J Diekema, Prashila Dullabh, Ayse P Gurses, Krysta Heaney-Huls, Jesse T Jacob, Sheetal Kandiah, Sonam Lama, Surbhi Leekha, Jeanmarie Mayer, Alfredo J Mena Lora, Daniel J Morgan, Patience Osei, Sara Pau, Jorge L Salinas, Emily Spivak, Eric Wenzler, Sara E Cosgrove
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac074
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1187–1193
Inappropriate Clostridioides difficile testing has adverse consequences for patients, hospitals, and public health. Computerized clinical decision support (CCDS) systems in the electronic health record (EHR) may reduce C. difficile test ordering; however, effectiveness of different approaches, ease of use, and best fit into healthcare providers’ (HCP) workflow are not well understood.
Impact of Education and Data Feedback on Antibiotic Prescribing for Urinary Tract Infections in the Emergency Department: An Interrupted Time-Series AnalysisÂ
Cara L Nys, Kristen Fischer, Jason Funaro, Christopher J Shoff, Rebecca G Theophanous, Catherine A Staton, Jennifer Mando-Vandrick, Rachel Toler, Jenny Shroba, Nicholas A Turner, Beiyu Liu, Hui Jie Lee, Rebekah W Moehring, Rebekah H Wrenn
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac073
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1194–1200
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often misdiagnosed or treated with exceedingly broad-spectrum antibiotics, leading to negative downstream effects. We aimed to implement antimicrobial stewardship (AS) strategies targeting UTI prescribing in the emergency department (ED).
Trends in Treatments for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), United States, February 2020 – July 2021Â
Joseph Y Abrams, Ermias D Belay, Shana Godfred-Cato, Angela P Campbell, Laura D Zambrano, Amber Kunkel, Allison D Miller, Michael J Wu, Lu Meng, Ami B Shah, Matthew E Oster
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac072
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1201–1209
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a novel severe postinfectious condition associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The purpose of this report is to describe nationwide trends in the evolving clinical management of MIS-C.
Consensus Definitions of BK Polyomavirus Nephropathy in Renal Transplant Recipients for Clinical TrialsÂ
Hannah Imlay, Paul Baum, Daniel C Brennan, Kimberly E Hanson, Michael R Hodges, Aimee C Hodowanec, Takashi E Komatsu, Per Ljungman, Veronica Miller, Yoichiro Natori, Volker Nickeleit, Jules O’Rear, Andreas Pikis, Parmjeet S Randhawa, Deirdre Sawinski, Harsharan K Singh, Gabriel Westman, Ajit P Limaye
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac071
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1210–1216
BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection and BK polyomavirus nephropathy (BKPyVAN) are important causes of allograft dysfunction and premature allograft loss in renal transplant recipients.
Stopping Hospital Infections With Environmental Services (SHINE): A Cluster-randomized Trial of Intensive Monitoring Methods for Terminal Room Cleaning on Rates of Multidrug-resistant Organisms in the Intensive Care UnitÂ
Matthew J Ziegler, Hilary H Babcock, Sharon F Welbel, David K Warren, William E Trick, Pam Tolomeo, Jacqueline Omorogbe, Diana Garcia, Tracy Habrock-Bach, Onofre Donceras, Steven Gaynes, Leigh Cressman, Jason P Burnham, Warren Bilker, Sujan C Reddy, David Pegues, Ebbing Lautenbach, Brendan J Kelly, Barry Fuchs, Niels D Martin, Jennifer H Han
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac070
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1217–1223
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) frequently contaminate hospital environments. We performed a multicenter, cluster-randomized, crossover trial of 2 methods for monitoring of terminal cleaning effectiveness.
Predicting the Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Acquisition in Rural South Africa Using Geospatial DataÂ
D Allen Roberts, Diego Cuadros, Alain Vandormael, Dickman Gareta, Ruanne V Barnabas, Kobus Herbst, Frank Tanser, Adam Akullian
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac069
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1224–1231
Accurate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk assessment can guide optimal HIV prevention. We evaluated the performance of risk prediction models incorporating geospatial measures.
Reduced Cell Surface Levels of C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 and Immunosuppression in Long Coronavirus Disease 2019 SyndromeÂ
Norman B Gaylis, Angela Ritter, Scott A Kelly, Nader Z Pourhassan, Meenakshi Tiwary, Jonah B Sacha, Scott G Hansen, Christopher Recknor, Otto O Yang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac226
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1232–1234
In an exploratory trial treating “long COVID� with the CCR5-binding antibody leronlimab, we observed significantly increased blood cell surface CCR5 in treated symptomatic responders but not in nonresponders or placebo-treated participants. These findings suggest an unexpected mechanism of abnormal immune downmodulation in some persons that is normalized by leronlimab.
Disseminated Aspergillus lentulus Infection in a Heart Transplant Recipient: A Case ReportÂ
Gowri Shivasabesan, Bentley Logan, Xavier Brennan, Cindy Lau, Anagha Vaze, Michael Bennett, Natasha Gorrie, Feras Mirdad, Ricardo Deveza, Chung Mo Koo, Peter McCluskey, Peter Macdonald, Deborah Marriott, Kavitha Muthiah, Nila P Dharan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac205
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1235–1238
We present the first published case of successfully treated disseminated Aspergillus lentulus infection in a solid organ transplant recipient with invasive pulmonary disease, endophthalmitis, and a cerebral abscess. This case highlights important challenges associated with treating A. lentulus, particularly regarding antifungal resistance and toxicities associated with long-term antifungal therapy.
Real-World Incidence of Breakthrough Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization After Vaccination vs Natural Infection in a Large, Local, Empaneled Primary Care Population Using Time-to-Event AnalysisÂ
Benjamin D Pollock, Curtis B Storlie, Aaron J Tande, Priya Sampathkumar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac186
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1239–1241
We followed 106 349 primary care patients for 22 385 3099 person-days across 21 calendar months and documented 69 breakthrough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalizations: 65/102,613 (0.06%) among those fully vaccinated, 3/11 047 (0.03%) among those previously infected, and 1/7,313 (0.01%) among those with both statuses. These data give providers real-world context regarding breakthrough COVID-19 hospitalization risk.
Circulation of an Artemisinin-Resistant Malaria Lineage in a Traveler Returning from East Africa to FranceÂ
Romain Coppée, Justine Bailly, Véronique Sarrasin, Bertin Vianou, Boris Enock Zinsou, Edith Mazars, Hugues Georges, Samia Hamane, Rose Anne Lavergne, Eric Dannaoui, Betty Balikagala, Naoyuki Fukuda, Emmanuel I Odongo-Aginya, Toshihiro Mita, Sandrine Houzé, Jérôme Clain
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac162
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1242–1244
A returned traveler to Uganda presented with a Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 A675V mutant infection that exhibited delayed clearance under artesunate therapy. Parasites were genetically related to recently reported Ugandan artemisinin-resistant A675V parasites. Adequate malaria prevention measures and clinical and genotypic surveillance are important tools to avoid and track artemisinin resistance.
A Systematic Framework for Prioritizing Burden of Disease Data Required for Vaccine Development and Implementation: The Case for Group A Streptococcal DiseasesÂ
Hannah C Moore, Jeffrey W Cannon, David C Kaslow, Theresa Lamagni, Asha C Bowen, Kate M Miller, Thomas Cherian, Jonathan Carapetis, Chris Van Beneden
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac291
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1245–1254
Vaccine development and implementation decisions need to be guided by accurate and robust burden of disease data. We developed an innovative systematic framework outlining the properties of such data that are needed to advance vaccine development and evaluation, and prioritize research and surveillance activities.
Clinical Risk Factors Associated With Late-Onset Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysesÂ
Konstantinos Karampatsas, Hannah Davies, Maren Mynarek, Nick Andrews, Paul T Heath, Kirsty Le Doare
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac206
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1255–1264,
Group B streptococcal (GBS) infection remains one of the most significant causes of late-onset sepsis and meningitis (LOGBS) among young infants. However, transmission routes and risk factors for LOGBS are not yet fully understood.
Periorbital Cellulitis in a Previously Healthy Boy: Scratch and WinÂ
Paulo Sucasas Costa, Lucas Rocha Alvarenga, Gabriela Fernandes Carnot Iori, Talita de Toledo Lima, Patricia Marques Fortes
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab788
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1265–1267
Can Clostridium innocuum Masquerade as Clostridioides difficile?Â
Andrew M Skinner, Laurica Petrella, Stacey Spandoni, Fidel Serna-Perez, Stuart Johnson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac377
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1268–1269
Cost-Effective Treatment of Clostridiodes difficile InfectionÂ
Joan L Robinson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac369
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Page 1269
A Review of Infectious Diseases Guidelines’ Incorporation of Economic EvidenceÂ
Madeline King, Shashi N Kapadia
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac357
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1269–1270
Screening for Ocular Findings Among Patients With Candidemia: Isn’t It Time to Change Practice?Â
Mark P Breazzano, John B Bond, III, Flora Lum, Timothy W Olsen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac349
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1270–1271,
Reply to Breazzano et alÂ
Matthew O’Donnell, Andrew W Eller, Evan L. Waxman, Cornelius J Clancy, M Hong Nguyen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac350
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 7, 1 October 2022, Pages 1271–1272
Vaccines, Variants, and Vigilance: Strengthening the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Response Through Partnerships and CollaborationsÂ
Preeta K Kutty, Matthew J Stuckey, Emilia H Koumans
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac522
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S141–S146
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments; other US government departments and agencies; the private sector; and international partners have engaged in a real-time public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Among Residents of US Nursing Homes Before and During the Delta Variant Predominance, December 2020–November 2021Â
Kelly M Hatfield, James Baggs, Hannah Wolford, Michael Fang, Ammarah A Sattar, Kelsey S Montgomery, Steven Jin, John Jernigan, Tamara Pilishvili
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac562
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S147–S154
Residents of nursing homes experience disproportionate morbidity and mortality related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and were prioritized for vaccine introduction. We evaluated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among nursing home residents.
Effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccines Against Infection During an Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Beta (B.1.351) Variant in a Skilled Nursing Facility: Virginia, March–April 2021Â
Heidi L Moline, Amelia Keaton, Whitney Rice, Jasmine Varghese, Li Deng, Ansley Waters, Anna Barringer, Devonne Winston, Virgie Fields, Kara Jacobs Slifka, Jennifer R Verani, Stephanie J Schrag, John Jernigan, Jacqueline E Tate, Katherine E Fleming-Dutra
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac526
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S155–S158
In April 2021, we assessed mRNA vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the context of a COVID-19 outbreak in a skilled nursing facility. Among 28 cases, genomic sequencing was performed on 4 specimens on 4 different patients, and all were classified by sequence analysis as the Beta (B.1.351) variant. Adjusted VE among residents was 65% (95% confidence interval: 25–84%). These findings underscore the importance of vaccination for prevention of COVID-19 in skilled nursing facilities.
Effectiveness of the Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine for Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Progression to High Disease Severity in the United StatesÂ
Nathaniel M Lewis, Wesley H Self, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A Ginde, David J Douin, H Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D Casey, Nicholas M Mohr, Anne Zepeski, Shekhar A Ghamande, Tresa A McNeal, Nathan I Shapiro, Kevin W Gibbs, D Clark Files, David N Hager, Arber Shehu, Matthew E Prekker, Heidi L Erickson, Michelle N Gong, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J Johnson, Vasisht Srinivasan, Jay S Steingrub, Ithan D Peltan, Samuel M Brown, Emily T Martin, Arnold S Monto, Akram Khan, Laurence W Busse, Caitlin C ten Lohuis, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G Wilson, Alexandra June Gordon, Nida Qadir, Steven Y Chang, Christopher Mallow, Carolina Rivas, Hilary M Babcock, Jennie H Kwon, Matthew C Exline, Adam S Lauring, Natasha Halasa, James D Chappell, Carlos G Grijalva, Todd W Rice, Jillian P Rhoads, Ian D Jones, William B Stubblefield, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N Womack, Christopher J Lindsell, Kimberly W Hart, Yuwei Zhu, Katherine Adams, Manish M Patel, Mark W Tenforde, IVY Network Collaborators
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac439
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S159–S166
Background. Adults in the United States (US) began receiving the adenovirus vector coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson [Janssen]), in February 2021. We evaluated Ad26.COV2.S vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 hospitalization and high disease severity during the first 10 months of its use.
Vaccine Effectiveness of CanSino (Adv5-nCoV) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Among Childcare Workers—Mexico, March–December 2021Â
Vesta L Richardson, MartÃn Alejandro Camacho Franco, Aurora Bautista Márquez, Libny MartÃnez Valdez, Luis Enrique Castro Ceronio, Vicente Cruz Cruz, Radhika Gharpure, Kathryn E Lafond, Tat S Yau, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Mauricio Hernández Ã�vila
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac488
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S167–S173
Beginning in March 2021, Mexico vaccinated childcare workers with a single-dose CanSino Biologics (Adv5-nCoV) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Although CanSino is currently approved for use in 10 Latin American, Asian, and European countries, little information is available about its vaccine effectiveness (VE).
Presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibodies Among Vietnamese Healthcare Workers by Dosing Interval for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 VaccineÂ
Dien M Vu, Diep T B Vu, Thuy T T Do, Allison E Olmsted, Bach H Dao, Truc T Thai, Chi L Nguyen, Nhung T T Le, Tuan A Le, Hien T T Bui, Thach N Pham, Matthew R Moore
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac493
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S174–S181
Before the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant arrived in Vietnam, case rates suggested seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was low. Beginning in March 2021, we assessed different dosing schedules and adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs).
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination Coverage, Intentions, Attitudes, and Barriers by Race/Ethnicity, Language of Interview, and Nativity—National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, 22 April 2021–29 January 2022Â
Elizabeth C Ohlsen, David Yankey, Clelia Pezzi, Jennifer L Kriss, Peng Jun Lu, Mei Chuan Hung, Maria I Dionicio Bernabe, Gayathri S Kumar, Emily Jentes, Laurie D Elam-Evans, Hannah Jackson, Carla L Black, James A Singleton, Chandresh N Ladva, Neetu Abad, Alfonso Rodriguez Lainz
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac508
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S182–S192
The National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module used a random-digit-dialed phone survey during 22 April 2021–29 January 2022 to quantify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, intent, attitudes, and barriers by detailed race/ethnicity, interview language, and nativity.
Magnitude and Determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Household Transmission: A Longitudinal Cohort StudyÂ
J Daniel Kelly, Scott Lu, Khamal Anglin, Miguel Garcia-Knight, Jesus Pineda-Ramirez, Sarah A Goldberg, Michel Tassetto, Amethyst Zhang, Kevin Donohue, Michelle C Davidson, Mariela Romero, Ruth Diaz Sanchez, Manuella Djomaleu, Sujata Mathur, Jessica Y Chen, Carrie A Forman, Venice Servellita, Rubi D Montejano, Joshua R Shak, George W Rutherford, Steven G Deeks, Glen R Abedi, Melissa A Rolfes, Sharon Saydah, Melissa Briggs-Hagen, Michael J Peluso, Charles Chiu, Claire M Midgley, Raul Andino, Jeffrey N Martin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac545
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S193–S204
Households have emerged as important venues for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Little is known, however, regarding the magnitude and determinants of household transmission in increasingly vaccinated populations.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Codetection With Influenza A and Other Respiratory Viruses Among School-Aged Children and Their Household Members—12 March 2020 to 22 February 2022, Dane County, WisconsinÂ
Jonathan L Temte, Shari Barlow, Emily Temte, Maureen Goss, Allen Bateman, Kelsey Florek, Amra Uzicanin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac487
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S205–S215
Concurrent detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and another respiratory virus in individuals can document contemporaneous circulation. We used an ongoing, community-based study of school-aged children and their households to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 codetections with other respiratory viruses in a non–medically attended population over a 2-year period.
Reported Exposures Among In-Person Workers With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in 6 States, September 2020–June 2021Â
Hannah Free, Sara E Luckhaupt, Rachael M Billock, Matthew R Groenewold, Sherry Burrer, Marie Haring Sweeney, Jessie Wong, Kathryn Gibb, Andrea Rodriguez, Ximena P Vergara, Kristin J Cummings, Antionette Lavender, Gabriel Argueta, Hannah Leigh Crawford, Kimberly Erukunuakpor, Nicole D Karlsson, Karla Armenti, Hannah Thomas, Kim Gaetz, Gialana Dang, Laurel Harduar-Morano, Komi Modji
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac486
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S216–S224
Surveillance systems lack detailed occupational exposure information from workers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health partnered with 6 states to collect information from adults diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection who worked in person (outside the home) in non-healthcare settings during the 2 weeks prior to illness onset.
Modeling the Effectiveness of Healthcare Personnel Reactive Testing and Screening for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron Variant Within Nursing HomesÂ
Casey M Zipfel, Prabasaj Paul, Camden D Gowler, Sujan C Reddy, Nimalie D Stone, Kara Jacobs Slifka, Rachel B Slayton
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac505
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S225–S230
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has been hypothesized to exhibit faster clearance (time from peak viral concentration to clearance of acute infection), decreased sensitivity of antigen tests, and increased immune escape (the ability of the variant to evade immunity conferred by past infection or vaccination) compared to prior variants.
Utility of a Test-to-Return Strategy to Identify Individuals With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Prekindergarten Through Grade 12 School Setting—District of Columbia, January 2022Â
Marsha E Samson, William L Still, Miguella Mark-Carew, Daniel K Jarris, Areej Idris, André van Zyl, David Addo, Patrick Ashley, Otto J Ike, Ebony S Thomas, Anil T Mangla, LaQuandra S Nesbitt
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac440
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S231–S235
The highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant led to increased hospitalizations, staffing shortages, and increased school closures. To reduce spread in school-aged children during the Omicron peak, the District of Columbia implemented a test-to-return strategy in public and public charter schools after a 2-week break from in-person learning.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections and Reinfections Among Fully Vaccinated and Unvaccinated University Athletes—15 States, January–November 2021Â
Mary K Good, Michaila Czarnik, Kimberly G Harmon, Doug Aukerman, Catherine S O’Neal, Carly Day, Kyle Goerl, Katlynn Sifre, Steven Fink, Margaret A Riggs
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac529
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S236–S242
Limited data currently exist on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among fully vaccinated persons or reinfections in college-aged populations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) partnered with National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions to analyze retrospective data and present characteristics of positive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases among student athletes 18 years of age and older.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak at a College With High Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination Coverage—Connecticut, August 2021–September 2021Â
Stephen M Bart, Christina C Curtiss, Rebecca Earnest, Rachel Lobe-Costonis, Hanna Peterson, Caroline McWilliams, Kendall Billig, James L Hadler, Nathan D Grubaugh, Victor J Arcelus, Lynn E Sosa
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac422
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S243–S250
During August 2021–September 2021, a Connecticut college experienced a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant outbreak despite high (99%) vaccination coverage, indoor masking policies, and twice-weekly testing. The Connecticut Department of Public Health investigated characteristics associated with infection and phylogenetic relationships among cases.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission Associated With an Indoor Music Event That Required Proof of Full Vaccination Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prior to Entry—Seattle, July 2021Â
Mellisa Roskosky, Gwen Moni, Vance Kawakami, Joanie Lambert, Claire Brostrom-Smith, Holly Whitney, Amy Phu, Jennifer Look, Aley Pallickaparambil, Meagan Kay, Jeff Duchin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac494
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S251–S253
In July 2021, Public Health–Seattle & King County investigated a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at an indoor event intended for fully vaccinated individuals, revealing unvaccinated staff, limited masking, poor ventilation, and overcrowding. Supporting businesses to develop and implement comprehensive COVID-19 prevention plans is essential for reducing spread in these settings.
Population-Weighted Seroprevalence From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, Vaccination, and Hybrid Immunity Among US Blood Donations From January to December 2021Â
Michael P Busch, Susan L Stramer, Mars Stone, Elaine A Yu, Eduard Grebe, Edward Notari, Paula Saa, Robyn Ferg, Irene Molina Manrique, Natalia Weil, Rebecca V Fink, Matthew E Levy, Valerie Green, Sherri Cyrus, Phillip C Williamson, James Haynes, Jamel Groves, David Krysztof, Brian Custer, Steve Kleinman, Brad J Biggerstaff, Jean D Opsomer, Jefferson M Jones
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac470
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S254–S263
Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, independently and combined (“hybrid immunity�), result in partial protection from subsequent infection and strong protection from severe disease. Proportions of the US population who have been infected, vaccinated, or have hybrid immunity remain unclear, posing a challenge for assessing effective pandemic mitigation strategies.
Association of Trends in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Seroprevalence and State-Issued Nonpharmaceutical Interventions: United States, 1 August 2020 to 30 March 2021Â
Maureen J Miller, Austin Himschoot, Natalie Fitch, Sucheta Jawalkar, Dane Freeman, Charity Hilton, Kevin Berney, Gery P Guy, Jr, Tina J Benoit, Kristie E N Clarke, Michael P Busch, Jean D Opsomer, Susan L Stramer, Aron J Hall, Adi V Gundlapalli, Adam MacNeil, Russell McCord, Gregory Sunshine, Mara Howard-Williams, Christopher Dunphy, Jefferson M Jones
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac469
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S264–S270
We assess if state-issued nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are associated with reduced rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection as measured through anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) seroprevalence, a proxy for cumulative prior infection that distinguishes seropositivity from vaccination.
Multiplex Detection of Antibody Landscapes to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/Influenza/Common Human Coronaviruses Following Vaccination or Infection With SARS-CoV-2 and InfluenzaÂ
Zhu Nan Li, Feng Liu, Stacie Jefferson, Lauren Horner, Paul Carney, Michael D L Johnson, Jennifer P King, Emily T Martin, Richard K Zimmerman, Karen Wernli, Manjusha Gaglani, Mark Thompson, Brendan Flannery, James Stevens, Terrence Tumpey, Min Z Levine
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac472
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S271–S284
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses continue to co-circulate, representing 2 major public health threats from respiratory infections with similar clinical presentations. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines can also now be co-administered. However, data on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza coinfection and vaccine co-administration remain limited.
Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibodies in the Mozambican Population: A Cross-Sectional Serologic Study in 3 Cities, July–August 2020Â
Paulo Arnaldo, Nédio Mabunda, Peter Wesley Young, Tiffany Tran, Nádia Sitoe, Imelda Chelene, Armando Nhanombe, Nália Ismael, António Júnior, BasÃlio Cubula, Osvaldo Frederico Inlamea, Eduardo Gudo, Jr, Ilesh Vinodrai Jani
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac516
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S285–S293
The extent of population exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was uncertain in many African countries during the onset of the pandemic.
Antibiotic-Resistant Infections Among Inpatients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in US HospitalsÂ
James Baggs, Ashley N Rose, Natalie L McCarthy, Hannah Wolford, Arjun Srinivasan, John A Jernigan, Sujan C Reddy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac517
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S294–S297
We described bacterial/fungal coinfections and antibiotic-resistant infections among inpatients with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compared findings in those with a diagnosis of influenza like illness. Less than 10% of inpatients with COVID-19 had bacterial/fungal coinfection. Longer lengths of stay, critical care stay, and mechanical ventilation contribute to increased incidence of hospital-onset infections among inpatients with COVID-19.
Increased Mortality Among Persons With Symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) During the Period of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.617.2 (Delta Variant) Predominance: Alaska, November 2020–October 2021Â
Eric Q Mooring, Katherine Newell, Louisa Castrodale, Megan Tompkins, Morgan Frank, Joseph McLaughlin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac530
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S298–S302
We compared the mortality risk in Alaska among persons with symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the period the Delta variant was predominant to the risk among those with symptomatic COVID-19 before Delta predominance. The Delta period was associated with 2.43-fold higher odds of death. Unvaccinated persons were 4.49 times more likely to die than fully vaccinated persons.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children During Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron Variant Circulation—United States, July 2021–January 2022Â
Allison D Miller, Anna R Yousaf, Ethan Bornstein, Michael J Wu, Katherine Lindsey, Michael Melgar, Matthew E Oster, Laura D Zambrano, Angela P Campbell
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac471
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S303–S307
We describe 2116 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during Delta and Omicron circulation from July 2021 through January 2022. Half of MIS-C patients were aged 5–11 years, 52% received intensive care unit–level care, and 1.1% died. Only 3.0% of eligible patients were fully vaccinated prior to MIS-C onset.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection During Pregnancy, Florida, 2020–2021: A Retrospective Cohort StudyÂ
Timothy J Doyle, Gebre egziabhe Kiros, Emily N Schmitt-Matzen, Randy Propper, Angela Thompson, Ghasi S Phillips-Bell
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac441
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S308–S316
The objective was to estimate risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnancy and assess adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Severity Among Women of Reproductive Age With Symptomatic Laboratory-Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection by Pregnancy Status—United States, 1 January 2020–25 December 2021Â
Penelope Strid, Lauren B Zapata, Van T Tong, Laura D Zambrano, Kate R Woodworth, Aspen P Riser, Romeo R Galang, Suzanne M Gilboa, Sascha R Ellington
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac479
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S317–S325
Information on the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attributable to the Delta variant in the United States among pregnant people is limited. We assessed the risk for severe COVID-19 by pregnancy status in the period of Delta variant predominance compared with the pre-Delta period.
Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Efforts From Health Departments in the United States, November 2020 to December 2021Â
Alison Stargel, Melanie M Taylor, Shelley Zansky, Kimberly Spencer, Matthew Hogben, Alvin Shultz
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac442
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S326–S333
Sixty-four state, local, and territorial health departments (HDs) in the United States report monthly performance metrics on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case investigation and contact tracing (CI/CT) activities. We describe national CI/CT efforts from 25 October 2020 through 24 December 2021, which included 3 peaks in COVID-19 case reporting.
High Community Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Associated With Decreased Contact Tracing Effectiveness for Identifying Persons at Elevated Risk of Infection—VermontÂ
Brian F Borah, Julia Pringle, Michael Flaherty, John E Oeltmann, Patrick K Moonan, Patsy Kelso
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac518
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, 1 October 2022, Pages S334–S337
