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In the Literature
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac366
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages i–ii
Infectious Diseases Society of America 2022 Guidance on the Treatment of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Difficult-to-Treat Resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa)Â
Pranita D Tamma, Samuel L Aitken, Robert A Bonomo, Amy J Mathers, David van Duin, Cornelius J Clancy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac268
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 187–212
The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) is committed to providing up-to-date guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections. The initial guidance document on infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa) was published on 17 September 2020. Over the past year, there have been a number of important publications furthering our understanding of the management of ESBL-E, CRE, and DTR-P. aeruginosa infections, prompting a rereview of the literature and this updated guidance document.
Joint Associations of Multiple Lifestyle Factors With Risk of Active Tuberculosis in the Population: The Singapore Chinese Health StudyÂ
Huiqi Li, Cynthia B E Chee, Tingting Geng, An Pan, Woon Puay Koh
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab935
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 213–220
Little is known about the joint associations of multiple lifestyle risk factors including smoking, low body mass index, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and low diet quality with risk of active tuberculosis.
Fosfomycin Vs Ciprofloxacin as Oral Step-Down Treatment for Escherichia coli Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter TrialÂ
Thijs ten Doesschate, Sander Kuiper, Cees van Nieuwkoop, Robert Jan Hassing, Tom Ketels, Suzan P van Mens, Wouter van den Bijllaardt, Akke K van der Bij, Suzanne E Geerlings, Ad Koster, Evert L Koldewijn, Judith Branger, Andy I M Hoepelman, Cornelis H van Werkhoven, Marc J M Bonten, FORECAST Study Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab934
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 221–229
We aimed to determine the noninferiority of fosfomycin compared to ciprofloxacin as an oral step-down treatment for Escherichia coli febrile urinary tract infections (fUTIs) in women.
Vaccine Effectiveness Against Life-Threatening Influenza Illness in US ChildrenÂ
Samantha M Olson, Margaret M Newhams, Natasha B Halasa, Leora R Feldstein, Tanya Novak, Scott L Weiss, Bria M Coates, Jennifer E Schuster, Adam J Schwarz, Aline B Maddux, Mark W Hall, Ryan A Nofziger, Heidi R Flori, Shira J Gertz, Michele Kong, Ronald C Sanders, Jr, Katherine Irby, Janet R Hume, Melissa L Cullimore, Steven L Shein, Neal J Thomas, Laura S Stewart, John R Barnes, Manish M Patel, Adrienne G Randolph, Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza Investigators
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab931
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 230–238
Predominance of 2 antigenically drifted influenza viruses during the 2019–2020 season offered an opportunity to assess vaccine effectiveness against life-threatening pediatric influenza disease from vaccine-mismatched viruses in the United States.
Disease Progression in Patients With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease of Nodular Bronchiectatic (NB) Pattern: The Roles of Cavitary NB and Soluble Programmed Death Protein-1Â
Sheng Wei Pan, Wei Juin Su, Yu Jiun Chan, Mei Lin Ho, Jia Yih Feng, Chin Chung Shu, Jann Yuan Wang, Hao Chien Wang, Chong Jen Yu, Yuh Min Chen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab929
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 239–247
In patients with nodular bronchiectatic (NB) nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD), risk factors for disease progression have not been clearly investigated. The roles of cavitary NB and soluble programmed death protein-1 (sPD-1), an immune-related biomarker, in the disease course of NB NTM-LD remain unknown.
Multicenter Prospective Study of Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in Children and AdolescentsÂ
Brian T Fisher, Craig L K Boge, Rui Xiao, Sydney Shuster, Dawn Chin-Quee, John Allen, IV, Shareef Shaheen, Randall Hayden, Sri Suganda, Theoklis E Zaoutis, Yeh Chung Chang, Dwight E Yin, Anna R Huppler, Lara Danziger-Isakov, William J Muller, Emmanuel Roilides, José Romero, Paul K Sue, David Berman, Rachel L Wattier, Natasha Halasa, Alice Pong, Gabriela Maron, Pere Soler-Palacin, Susan C Hutto, Blanca E Gonzalez, Christine M Salvatore, Sujatha Rajan, Michael Green, Elizabeth Doby Knackstedt, Sarmistha B Hauger, William J Steinbach
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab928
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 248–259
Diagnosis of invasive candidiasis (IC) relies on insensitive cultures; the relative utility of fungal biomarkers in children is unclear.
A Randomized Trial of Point-of-Care Early Infant Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Diagnosis in ZambiaÂ
Carla J Chibwesha, Katie R Mollan, Catherine E Ford, Aaron Shibemba, Pooja T Saha, Mildred Lusaka, Felistas Mbewe, Andrew G Allmon, Rose Lungu, Hans M L Spiegel, Emmanuel Mweni, Humphrey Mwape, Chipepo Kankasa, Benjamin H Chi, Jeffrey S A Stringer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab923
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 260–268
Point-of-care (POC) early infant diagnosis (EID) provides same-day results and the potential for immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Real-World Impact of the Accelerate PhenoTest BC Kit on Patients With Bloodstream Infections in the Improving Outcomes and Antimicrobial Stewardship Study: A Quasiexperimental Multicenter StudyÂ
Amira A Bhalodi, Shawn H MacVane, Bradley Ford, Dilek Ince, Patrick M Kinn, Kelly M Percival, Derek N Bremmer, Dustin R Carr, Thomas L Walsh, Micah M Bhatti, Samuel A Shelburne, Romney M Humphries, Kaleb Wolfe, Eric R Rosenbaum, Ryan K Dare, Johann Kolev, Meghan Madhusudhan, Michael A Ben-Aderet, Margie A Morgan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab921
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 269–277
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The Improving Outcomes and Antimicrobial Stewardship study seeks to evaluate the impact of the Accelerate PhenoTest BC Kit (AXDX) on antimicrobial use and clinical outcomes in BSIs.
Neutralizing Anti–Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Autoantibodies in Patients With Central Nervous System and Localized Cryptococcosis: Longitudinal Follow-up and Literature ReviewÂ
Po Hsien Kuo, Un In Wu, Yi Hua Pan, Jann Tay Wang, Yu Chen Wang, Hsin Yun Sun, Wang Huei Sheng, Yee Chun Chen, Shan Chwen Chang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab920
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 278–287
Neutralizing anti–granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies (AAbs) have been increasingly recognized to predispose healthy individuals to disseminated cryptococcosis. However, studies have only considered patients with central nervous system (CNS) infection. No longitudinal study has captured the disease spectrum and clinical course.
Hepatitis E Virus Species C Infection in Humans, Hong KongÂ
Siddharth Sridhar, Cyril Chik Yan Yip, Kelvin Hon Yin Lo, Shusheng Wu, Jianwen Situ, Nicholas Foo Siong Chew, Kit Hang Leung, Helen Shuk Ying Chan, Sally Cheuk Ying Wong, Anthony Wai Shing Leung, Cindy Wing Sze Tse, Kitty S C Fung, Owen Tak Yin Tsang, Kam Lun Hon, Vincent Chi Chung Cheng, Ken Ho Leung Ng, Kwok Yung Yuen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab919
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 288–296
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) variants belonging to Orthohepevirus species A (HEV-A) are the primary cause of human hepatitis E. However, we previously reported that Orthohepevirus species C genotype 1 (HEV-C1), a divergent HEV variant commonly found in rats, also causes hepatitis in humans. Here, we present a clinical-epidemiological investigation of human HEV-C1 infections detected in Hong Kong, with an emphasis on outcomes in immunocompromised individuals.
Discrimination and Calibration of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 for Predicting Mortality Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in North AmericaÂ
Kathleen A McGinnis, Amy C Justice, Richard D Moore, Michael J Silverberg, Keri N Althoff, Maile Karris, Viviane D Lima, Heidi M Crane, Michael A Horberg, Marina B Klein, Stephen J Gange, Kelly A Gebo, Angel Mayor, Janet P Tate, North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD)a of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) and Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS)
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab883
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 297–304
The updated Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index 2.0 combines general and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–specific biomarkers to generate a continuous score that accurately discriminates risk of mortality in diverse cohorts of persons with HIV (PWH), but a score alone is difficult to interpret. Using data from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration (NA-ACCORD), we translate VACS Index 2.0 scores into validated probability estimates of mortality.
Post-Vaccination Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Control Study and Genomic Analysis of 119 Breakthrough Infections in Partially Vaccinated Individuals
Ioannis Baltas, Florencia A T Boshier, Charlotte A Williams, Nadua Bayzid, Marius Cotic, José Afonso Guerra-Assunção, Dianne Irish-Tavares, Tanzina Haque, Jennifer Hart, Sunando Roy, Rachel Williams, Judith Breuer, Tabitha W Mahungu
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab714
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 305–313
Post-vaccination infections challenge the control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sputum and Reported Symptoms Among Clinic Attendees Compared With a Community Survey in Rural South AfricaÂ
Indira Govender, Aaron S Karat, Stephen Olivier, Kathy Baisley, Peter Beckwith, Njabulo Dayi, Jaco Dreyer, Dickman Gareta, Resign Gunda, Karina Kielmann, Olivier Koole, Ngcebo Mhlongo, Tshwaraganang Modise, Sashen Moodley, Xolile Mpofana, Thumbi Ndung’u, Deenan Pillay, Mark J Siedner, Theresa Smit, Ashmika Surujdeen, Emily B Wong, Alison D Grant for the Umoya Omuhle Teams and Vukuzazi Study Teams
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab970
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 314–322,
Tuberculosis (TB) case finding efforts typically target symptomatic people attending health facilities. We compared the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) sputum culture-positivity among adult clinic attendees in rural South Africa with a concurrent, community-based estimate from the surrounding demographic surveillance area (DSA).
Human Papillomavirus Antibody Levels Following Vaccination or Natural Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex With MenÂ
Eric P F Chow, Christopher K Fairley, Huachun Zou, Rebecca Wigan, Suzanne M Garland, Alyssa M Cornall, Steph Atchison, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Marcus Y Chen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1052
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 323–329
Australia introduced a school-based gender-neutral human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program for girls and boys aged 12–13 years in 2013. We examined HPV type–specific antibody levels in unvaccinated young men who have sex with men (MSM) with natural infection and compared these with levels in those vaccinated against HPV.
High False-Positive Rate of (1,3)-β-D-Glucan in Onco-Hematological Patients Receiving Immunoglobulins and Therapeutic Antibodies
Jonathan Tschopp, Anne Sophie Brunel, Olivier Spertini, Anthony Croxatto, Frederic Lamoth, Pierre Yves Bochud
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1028
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 330–333
Immunoglobulins and/or therapeutic antibody preparations are associated with a high rate of false-positive (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) tests in onco-hematological patients routinely screened for fungal infections. The benefit of BDG monitoring shall be balanced against the risk of false-positive tests leading to unnecessary investigations and costs in this population.
Incidence of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients Initiating Ibrutinib and Other Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors—United States, July 2016–June 2019Â
Jeremy A W Gold, Seda S Tolu, Tom Chiller, Kaitlin Benedict, Brendan R Jackson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1026
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 334–337
We analyzed administrative data to determine the 1-year incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in patients beginning small molecule kinase inhibitor (SMKI) therapy. The incidence of IFIs by small molecule kinase inhibitor ranged from 0.0% to 10.6%, with patients taking midostaurin having the highest incidence. An IFI developed in 38 of 1286 patients taking ibrutinib (3.0%).
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Exebacase in an Infant With Disseminated Staphylococcus aureus InfectionÂ
Ganga S Moorthy, Rachel G Greenberg, Chi D Hornik, Cara Cassino, Parviz Ghahramani, Karan R Kumar, Vance G Fowler, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1015
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 338–341
Exebacase, an antistaphylococcal lysin produced from a bacteriophage-encoded gene, is a promising adjunctive therapy for severe methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. We describe the first infant to receive exebacase, dosing, and pharmacokinetics. Exebacase may be safe and efficacious in children; however, further clinical trials are needed to optimize dosing.
Lack of Convincing Evidence That Borrelia burgdorferi Infection Causes Either Alzheimer Disease or Lewy Body DementiaÂ
Gary P Wormser, Adriana Marques, Charles S Pavia, Ira Schwartz, Henry M Feder, Jr, Andrew R Pachner
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab993
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 342–346
The role that microorganisms might have in the development of Alzheimer disease is a topic of considerable interest. In this article, we discuss whether there is credible evidence that Lyme disease is a cause of Alzheimer disease and critically review a recent publication that claimed that Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto infection, the primary cause of Lyme disease in the United States, may cause Lewy body dementia. We conclude that no convincing evidence exists that Lyme disease is a cause of either Alzheimer disease or Lewy body dementia.
Standardized Definitions of In Utero Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Antiretroviral Drug Exposure Among ChildrenÂ
Amy L Slogrove, Barbara Burmen, Mary Ann Davies, Andrew Edmonds, Elaine J Abrams, Ellen G Chadwick, Tessa Goetghebuer, Lynne M Mofenson, Mary E Paul, Claire Thorne, Paige L Williams, Marissa Vicari, Kathleen M Powis
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab974
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 347–355
In countries with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, up to 30% of pregnant women are living with HIV, with fetal exposure to both HIV and antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy.
A Brainstem Mass LesionÂ
Natalia E Castillo Almeida, Jorge A Trejo-Lopez, Meltiady Issa, Priya Sampathkumar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab786
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 356–357
Severe Malaria, Pascalian Therapeutics, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Â
Nicholas J White, James A Watson, Julie A Simpson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Page 358
Reply to White et alÂ
Eliford Kitabi, Timothy J Bensman, Justin C Earp, Dakshina M Chilukuri, Heidi Smith, Leslie Ball, Elizabeth O’Shaughnessy, Yuliya Yasinskaya, Kellie S Reynolds
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac025
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Page 359
Optimizing Antimicrobial and Host-Directed Therapies to Improve Clinical Outcomes of Childhood Tuberculous MeningitisÂ
Fajri Gafar, Ben J Marais, Heda M Nataprawira, Jan Willem C Alffenaar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1036
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Pages 360–361
Correction to: Human Papillomavirus Antibody Levels Following Vaccination or Natural Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men
Eric P F Chow, Christopher K Fairley, Huachun Zou, Rebecca Wigan, Suzanne M Garland, Alyssa M Cornall, Steph Atchison, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Marcus Y Chen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac245
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Page 362
Correction to: Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sputum and Reported Symptoms Among Clinic Attendees Compared With a Community Survey in Rural South Africa
Indira Govender, Aaron S Karat, Stephen Olivier, Kathy Baisley, Peter Beckwith, Njabulo Dayi, Jaco Dreyer, Dickman Gareta, Resign Gunda, Karina Kielmann, Olivier Koole, Ngcebo Mhlongo, Tshwaraganang Modise, Sashen Moodley, Xolile Mpofana, Thumbi Ndung’u, Deenan Pillay, Mark J Siedner, Theresa Smit, Ashmika Surujdeen, Emily B Wong, Alison D Grant
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac244
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 2, 15 July 2022, Page 363
