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A Nasty Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Variant
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac365
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages i–ii
“Never Once Have I Ever Been Boredâ€�—Exciting Times Ahead for Clinical Infectious DiseasesÂ
Paul Edward Sax
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac286
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 1–2
Preferences of Persons With or at Risk for Hepatitis C for Long-Acting Treatments
Ethel D Weld, Jacqueline Astemborski, Gregory D Kirk, Mark S Sulkowski, Stephanie Katz, Richard Rothman, Sunil S Solomon, Gail V Matthews, Yu Hsiang Hsieh, Malvika Verma, Giovanni Traverso, Susan Swindells, Andrew Owen, Jordan Feld, Charles Flexner, Shruti H Mehta, David L Thomas
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab913
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 3–10
Whereas safe, curative treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been available since 2015, there are still 58 million infected persons worldwide, and global elimination may require new paradigms. We sought to understand the acceptability of approaches to long-acting HCV treatment.
Evidence of Brain Alterations in Noncerebral Falciparum Malaria
Sanjib Mohanty, Praveen K Sahu, Rajyabardhan Pattnaik, Megharay Majhi, Sameer Maharana, Jabamani Bage, Akshaya Mohanty, Anita Mohanty, Martin Bendszus, Catriona Patterson, Himanshu Gupta, Arjen M Dondorp, Lukas Pirpamer, Angelika Hoffmann, Samuel C Wassmer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab907
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 11–18
Cerebral malaria in adults is associated with brain hypoxic changes on magnetic resonance (MR) images and has a high fatality rate. Findings of neuroimaging studies suggest that brain involvement also occurs in patients with uncomplicated malaria (UM) or severe noncerebral malaria (SNCM) without coma, but such features were never rigorously characterized.
Safety and Efficacy of Levamisole in Loiasis: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Trial
Jérémy T Campillo, Paul Bikita, Marlhand Hemilembolo, Frédéric Louya, François Missamou, Sébastien D S Pion, Michel Boussinesq, CédricB Chesnais
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab906
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 19–27
Individuals with high microfilarial densities (MFDs) of Loa loa are at risk of developing serious adverse events (SAEs) after ivermectin treatment. Pretreatment with drugs progressively reducing Loa MFDs below the risk threshold might help prevent these SAEs. We assessed the safety and efficacy of levamisole for this purpose.
Resistance in Enterobacterales Is Higher Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Heather I Henderson, Sonia Napravnik, Emily W Gower, Allison E Aiello, Alan C Kinlaw, Billy Williams, David A Wohl, David van Duin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab901
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 28–34
Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) are important pathogens. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) may be at greater risk for MDR-E infection given relatively high antibiotic exposure and burden of comorbidities.
Ultraviolet-C Light Evaluation as Adjunct Disinfection to Remove Multidrug-Resistant Organisms
Clare Rock, Yea Jen Hsu, Melanie S Curless, Karen C Carroll, Tracy Ross Howard, Kathryn A Carson, Stephanie Cummings, Michael Anderson, Aaron M Milstone, Lisa L Maragakis
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab896
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 35–40
Our objective was to determine if the addition of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light to daily and discharge patient room cleaning reduces healthcare-associated infection rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and Clostridioides difficile in immunocompromised adults.
Plasma Rotavirus-specific IgA and Risk of Rotavirus Vaccine Failure in Infants in Malawi
Louisa Pollock, Aisleen Bennett, Khuzwayo C Jere, Jonathan Mandolo, Queen Dube, Naor Bar-Zeev, Robert S Heyderman, Nigel A Cunliffe, Miren Iturriza-Gomara
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab895
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 41–46
Rotavirus vaccine efficacy is reduced in low-income populations, but efforts to improve vaccine performance are limited by lack of clear correlates of protection. Although plasma rotavirus (RV)-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) appears strongly associated with protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis in high-income countries, weaker association has been observed in low-income countries. We tested the hypothesis that lower RV-specific IgA is associated with rotavirus vaccine failure in Malawian infants.
Progressive Development of Cefiderocol Resistance in Escherichia coli During Therapy is Associated With an Increase in blaNDM-5 Copy Number and Gene Expression
Patricia J Simner, Heba H Mostafa, Yehudit Bergman, Michael Ante, Tsigereda Tekle, Ayomikun Adebayo, Stephan Beisken, Kathryn Dzintars, Pranita D Tamma
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab888
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 47–54
As cefiderocol is increasingly being prescribed in clinical practice, it is critical that we understand key mechanisms contributing to acquired resistance to this agent.
Pathogen-Specific Effects of Probiotics in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis Seeking Emergency Care: A Randomized Trial
Stephen B Freedman, Yaron Finkelstein, Xiao Li Pang, Linda Chui, Phillip I Tarr, John M VanBuren, Cody Olsen, Bonita E Lee, Carla A Hall-Moore, Robert Sapien, Karen O’Connell, Adam C Levine, Naveen Poonai, Cindy Roskind, Suzanne Schuh, Alexander Rogers, Seema Bhatt, Serge Gouin, Prashant Mahajan, Cheryl Vance, Katrina Hurley, Elizabeth C Powell, Ken J Farion, David Schnadower
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab876
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 55–64
It is unknown if probiotics exert pathogen-specific effects in children with diarrhea secondary to acute gastroenteritis.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Menopause Are Independently Associated With Lower Bone Mineral Density: Results From the Women’s Interagency HIV Study
Anjali Sharma, Donald R Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Phyllis C Tien, Kathleen M Weber, Jayesh G Shah, Michael T Yin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab874
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 65–72
We previously reported lower bone mineral density (BMD) among premenopausal women with HIV (WWH) compared to women without HIV (HIV−). Rate of bone loss may be even greater for WWH during the menopausal transition.
Sex Differences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Persistence and Reservoir Size During Aging
Sara Gianella, Stephen A Rawlings, Curtis Dobrowolski, Masato Nakazawa, Antoine Chaillon, Matthew Strain, Laura Layman, Gemma Caballero, Eileen Scully, Brianna Scott, Caitleen Pacis, Kathleen M Weber, Alan Landay, Christy Anderson, Jonathan Karn
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab873
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 73–80
Sex differences in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir dynamics remain underexplored.
Colocalization of Radicular Pain and Erythema Migrans in Patients With Bannwarth Syndrome Suggests a Direct Spread of Borrelia Into the Central Nervous System
Katarina Ogrinc, Andrej Kastrin, Stanka Lotri�-Furlan, Petra Bogovi�, Tereza Rojko, Vera Maraspin, Eva Ružić-Sabljić, Klemen Strle, Franc Strle
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab867
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 81–87
There is a general assumption that after deposition into skin, Lyme borreliae disseminate hematogenously to other organs, resulting in extracutaneous manifestations of Lyme borreliosis, including Lyme neuroborreliosis.
Nocardia Infections in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: A Multicenter International Retrospective Study of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Diana Averbuch, Julien De Greef, Amelie Duréault, Lotus Wendel, Gloria Tridello, David Lebeaux, Malgorzata Mikulska, Lidia Gil, Nina Knelange, Tsila Zuckerman, Xavier Roussel, Christine Robin, Alienor Xhaard, Mahmoud Aljurf, Yves Beguin, Amandine Le Bourgeois, Carmen Botella-Garcia, Nina Khanna, Jens Van Praet, Nicolaus Kröger, Nicole Blijlevens, Sophie Ducastelle Leprêtre, Aloysius Ho, Damien Roos-Weil, Moshe Yeshurun, Olivier Lortholary, Arnaud Fontanet, Rafael de la Camara, Julien Coussement, Johan Maertens, Jan Styczynski, European Study Group for Nocardia in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab866
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 88–97
Nocardiosis is rare after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Little is known regarding its presentation, management, and outcome in this population.
Administration of a β-Lactam Prior to Vancomycin as the First Dose of Antibiotic Therapy Improves Survival in Patients With Bloodstream Infections
Joe Amoah, Eili Y Klein, Kathleen Chiotos, Sara E Cosgrove, Pranita D Tamma
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab865
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 98–104
Prompt initiation of antibiotic therapy improves the survival of patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs). We sought to determine if the sequence of administration of the first dose of antibiotic therapy (ie, β-lactam or vancomycin, if both are deemed necessary and cannot be administered simultaneously) impacts early mortality for patients with BSI.
“The Early Beta-Lactam Catches the Germ�: Empiric Antimicrobial Sequence in Bloodstream Infections
James B Cutrell, James M Sanders
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab871
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 105–106
Three-year Efficacy and Safety of Takeda’s Dengue Vaccine Candidate (TAK-003)
Luis Rivera, Shibadas Biswal, Xavier Sáez-Llorens, Humberto Reynales, Eduardo López-Medina, Charissa Borja-Tabora, Lulu Bravo, Chukiat Sirivichayakul, Pope Kosalaraksa, Luis Martinez Vargas, Delia Yu, Veerachai Watanaveeradej, Felix Espinoza, Reynaldo Dietze, LakKumar Fernando, Pujitha Wickramasinghe, Edson Duarte MoreiraJr, Asvini D Fernando, Dulanie Gunasekera, Kleber Luz, Rivaldo Venâncioda Cunha, Martina Rauscher, Olaf Zent, Mengya Liu, Elaine Hoffman, Inge LeFevre, Vianney Tricou, Derek Wallace, MariaTheresa Alera, Astrid Borkowski
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab864
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 107–117
Takeda’s live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TAK-003) is under evaluation in a long-term clinical trial across 8 dengue-endemic countries. Previously, we have reported its efficacy and safety in both seronegative and seropositive participants and that its performance varies by serotype, with some decline in efficacy from first to second year postvaccination. This exploratory analysis provides an update with cumulative and third-year data.
Effectiveness of Beta-Lactam plus Doxycycline for Patients Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Moe Uddin, Turab Mohammed, Mark Metersky, Antonio Anzueto, Carlos A Alvarez, Eric M Mortensen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab863
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 118–124
Despite clinical practice guideline recommendations to use doxycycline as part of combination therapy for some patients hospitalized with pneumonia, there is minimal evidence supporting this recommendation. Our aim was to examine the association between beta-lactam plus doxycycline and mortality for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
Comorbidity Increases the Risk of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Adults
Lene Fogt Lundbo, Zitta Barrella Harboe, HÃ¥kon Sandholdt, Lars Smith-Hansen, Palle Valentiner-Branth, Steen Hoffmann, Thomas Benfield
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab856
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 125–130
Risk of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is increased in patients with complement deficiency and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Risk associated with comorbidity is not well described.
Association of Pneumococcal Serotype With Susceptibility to Antimicrobial Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Kristin Andrejko, Buddhika Ratnasiri, Joseph A Lewnard
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab852
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 131–140
Pneumococcal serotypes differ in antimicrobial susceptibility. However, patterns and causes of this variation are not comprehensively understood.
Optimizing Dosing and Fixed-Dose Combinations of Rifampicin, Isoniazid, and Pyrazinamide in Pediatric Patients With Tuberculosis: A Prospective Population Pharmacokinetic Study
Paolo Denti, Roeland E Wasmann, Annelies van Rie, Jana Winckler, Adrie Bekker, Helena Rabie, Anneke C Hesseling, Louvina E van der Laan, Carmen Gonzalez-Martinez, Heather J Zar, Gerry Davies, Lubbe Wiesner, Elin M Svensson, Helen M McIlleron
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab908
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 141–151
In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised dosing guidelines for treatment of childhood tuberculosis. Our aim was to investigate first-line antituberculosis drug exposures under these guidelines, explore dose optimization using the current dispersible fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet of rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide; 75/50/150Â mg, and suggest a new FDC with revised weight bands.
Impact of Isolation and Exclusion as a Public Health Strategy to Contain Measles Virus Transmission During a Measles Outbreak
Emily Banerjee, Prabasaj Paul, Jayne Griffith, Ellen Laine, Kathryn Como-Sabetti, Paul A Gastañaduy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab939
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 152–154
Responding to measles outbreaks in the United States puts a considerable strain on public health resources, and limited research exists about the effectiveness of containment strategies. In this paper we quantify the impact of isolation, contact tracing, and exclusion in reducing transmission during a measles outbreak in an under-vaccinated community.
Low Meningococcal Vaccination Rates Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Complement Component Deficiencies in the United States
Gary S Marshall, Parinaz K Ghaswalla, Lindsay G S Bengtson, Ami R Buikema, Tim Bancroft, Eleena Koep, Patricia Novy, Cosmina S Hogea
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab917
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 155–158
Meningococcal vaccination is recommended for patients with complement component deficiencies (CDs) in the United States. In this retrospective database study, only 4.6% and 2.2% of patients received MenACWY and MenB vaccination, respectively, within 3 years of CD diagnosis. Thus, meningococcal vaccination rates among patients with CDs need to be improved.
Papillomatous Anogenital Lesions in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Omar E Fernandez, Smitha Gudipati, Dayoung Ko, Alison Boucher, Indira Brar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab853
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 159–162
How Can Progress Toward Ending the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic in the United States Be Monitored?
Kate M Mitchell, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Dobromir Dimitrov, Mia Moore, James P Hughes, Deborah Donnell, Chris Beyrer, Wafaa M El-Sadr, Myron S Cohen, Marie Claude Boily
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab976
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 163–169
The plan for Ending the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) Epidemic (EHE) in the United States aims to reduce new infections by 75% by 2025 and by 90% by 2030. For EHE to be successful, it is important to accurately measure changes in numbers of new HIV infections after 5 and 10 years (to determine whether the EHE goals have been achieved) but also over shorter timescales (to monitor progress and intensify prevention efforts if required).
Interpretation of Relative Efficacy and Effectiveness for Influenza Vaccines
Nathaniel M Lewis, Jessie R Chung, Timothy M Uyeki, Lisa Grohskopf, Jill M Ferdinands, Manish M Patel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1016
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 170–175
Relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) are metrics commonly reported to compare absolute VE (aVE) of 2 vaccine products.
The Illusionary Correlation in Antibiotic Prescriptions: It May Exist but Requires Further Elucidation With Rigorous Methodology
Hideharu Hagiya, Akiko Aoki, Takahiro Matsuo, Masahiro Ishikane, Hiroaki Nakagawa, Takashi Yoshioka
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1011
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Page 176
Reply to Hagiya et al
Zhuo Shi, Ateev Mehrotra
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1012
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Page 177
Cessation of Ciprofloxacin Prophylaxis in Hemato-Oncology Patients
Louise Caldwell, Anjaneya Bapat, Lydia N Drumright, Jonathan Lambourne, Fergus G Jimenez-England, James Aries, Lydia Eccersley, Simon Hallam, Silvia Montoto, Heather Oakervee, John Riches, Samir G Agrawal
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1000
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 178–179
Reply to Caldwell et al
Michael J Satlin, Liang Chen, Claire Douglass, Michael Hovan, Emily Davidson, Rosemary Soave, Marisa La Spina, Alexandra Gomez-Arteaga, Koen van Besien, Sebastian Mayer, Adrienne Phillips, Jing Mei Hsu, Rianna Malherbe, Catherine B Small, Stephen G Jenkins, Lars F Westblade, Barry N Kreiswirth, Thomas J Walsh
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1001
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages 180–181
Correction to: Clinical Experience With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2–Related Illness in Children: Hospital Experience in Cape Town, South Africa
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac266
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Page 182
Correction to: Investigation of a Suspect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 and Influenza A Mixed Outbreak: Lessons Learned for Long-Term Care Facilities Nationwide
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac264
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Page 183
Correction to: A Rare Mutation in SPLUNC1 Affects Bacterial Adherence and Invasion in Meningococcal Disease
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac263
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Page 184
Correction to: Severe Dysbiosis and Specific Haemophilus and Neisseria Signatures as Hallmarks of the Oropharyngeal Microbiome in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients
Juliana de Castilhos, Eli Zamir, Theresa Hippchen, Roman Rohrbach, Sabine Schmidt, Silvana Hengler, Hanna Schumacher, Melanie Neubauer, Sabrina Kunz, Tonia Müller-Esch, Andreas Hiergeist, André Gessner, Dina Khalid, Rogier Gaiser, Nyssa Cullin, Stamatia M Papagiannarou, Bettina Beuthien-Baumann, Alwin Krämer, Ralf Bartenschlager, Dirk Jäger, Michael Müller, Felix Herth, Daniel Duerschmied, Jochen Schneider, Roland M Schmid, Johann F Eberhardt, Yascha Khodamoradi, Maria J G T Vehreschild, Andreas Teufel, Matthias P Ebert, Peter Hau, Bernd Salzberger, Paul Schnitzler, Hendrik Poeck, Eran Elinav, Uta Merle, Christoph K Stein-Thoeringer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac254
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Page 185
Correction to: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children—United States, February 2020–July 2021
Allison D Miller, Laura D Zambrano, Anna R Yousaf, Joseph Y Abrams, Lu Meng, Michael J Wu, Michael Melgar, Matthew E Oster, Shana E Godfred Cato, Ermias D Belay, Angela P Campbell, for the MIS-C Surveillance Authorship Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac253
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Page 186
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–Specific T Cells and Antibodies in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Protection: A Prospective StudyÂ
Ivan A Molodtsov, Evgenii Kegeles, Alexander N Mitin, Olga Mityaeva, Oksana E Musatova, Anna E Panova, Mikhail V Pashenkov, Iuliia O Peshkova, Almaqdad Alsalloum, Walaa Asaad, Anna S Budikhina, Alexander S Deryabin, Inna V Dolzhikova, Ioanna N Filimonova, Alexandra N Gracheva, Oxana I Ivanova, Anastasia Kizilova, Viktoria V Komogorova, Anastasia Komova, Natalia I Kompantseva, Ekaterina Kucheryavykh, Denis � Lagutkin, Yakov A Lomakin, Alexandra V Maleeva, Elena V Maryukhnich, Afraa Mohammad, Vladimir V Murugin, Nina E Murugina, Anna Navoikova, Margarita F Nikonova, Leyla A Ovchinnikova, Yana Panarina, Natalia V Pinegina, Daria M Potashnikova, Elizaveta V Romanova, Aleena A Saidova, Nawar Sakr, Anastasia G Samoilova, Yana Serdyuk, Naina T Shakirova, Nina I Sharova, Saveliy A Sheetikov, Anastasia F Shemetova, Liudmila V Shevkova, Alexander V Shpektor, Anna Trufanova, Anna V Tvorogova, Valeria M Ukrainskaya, Anatoliy S Vinokurov, Daria A Vorobyeva, Ksenia V Zornikova, Grigory A Efimov, Musa R Khaitov, Ilya A Kofiadi, Alexey A Komissarov, Denis Y Logunov, Nelli B Naigovzina, Yury P Rubtsov, Irina A Vasilyeva, Pavel Volchkov, Elena Vasilieva
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac278
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1–e9
During the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many individuals were infected with and have cleared the virus, developing virus-specific antibodies and effector/memory T cells. An important unanswered question is what levels of T-cell and antibody responses are sufficient to protect from the infection.
High Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Household Transmission Rates Detected by Dense Saliva Sampling
Lisa M Kolodziej, Steven F L van Lelyveld, Mildred E Haverkort, Rob Mariman, Judith G C Sluiter-Post, Paul Badoux, Emma M de Koff, Jeffrey C D Koole, Willem R Miellet, Adriaan N Swart, Elena C Coipan, Adam Meijer, Elisabeth A M Sanders, Krzysztof Trzciński, Sjoerd M Euser, Dirk Eggink, Marianne A van Houten
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac261
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e10–e19
Understanding the dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission is important for adequate infection control measures in this ongoing pandemic.
Investigation of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Delta (B.1.617.2) Variant Outbreak Among Residents of a Skilled Nursing Facility and Vaccine Effectiveness Analysis: Maricopa County, Arizona, June–July 2021
Ariella P Dale, Olivia Almendares, Brandon J Howard, Eleanor Burnett, Siru Prasai, Melissa Arons, Jennifer Collins, Nadezdha Duffy, Urvashi Pandit, Shane Brady, Jessica R White, Brenna Garrett, Hannah L Kirking, Rebecca Sunenshine, Jacqueline E Tate, Sarah E Scott
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac240
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e20–e26
Short-term rehabilitation units present unique infection control challenges because of high turnover and medically complex residents. In June 2021, the Maricopa County Department of Public Health was notified of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta outbreak in a skilled nursing facility short-term rehabilitation unit. We describe the outbreak and assess vaccine effectiveness (VE).
Clinical and Virological Characteristics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant: A Prospective Cohort Study
Sunghee Park, So Yun Lim, Ji Yeun Kim, Heedo Park, Joon Seo Lim, Seongman Bae, Jeonghun Kim, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sang Ho Choi, Sang Oh Lee, Yang Soo Kim, Man Seong Park, Sung Han Kim
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac239
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e27–e34
Data on the clinical and virological characteristics of the Delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are limited. This prospective cohort study compared the characteristics of the Delta variant to other variants.
Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccination and Pediatric Age on Delta Variant Household Transmission
Oon Tek Ng, Vanessa Koh, Calvin J Chiew, Kalisvar Marimuthu, Natascha May Thevasagayam, Tze Minn Mak, Joon Kiat Chua, Shannen Si Hui Ong, Yong Kai Lim, Zannatul Ferdous, Alifa Khairunnisa bte Johari, Lin Cui, Raymond Tzer Pin Lin, Kelvin Bryan Tan, Alex R Cook, Yee Sin Leo, Vernon J M Lee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac219
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e35–e43
In Singapore, quarantine of all close contacts with entry and exit polymerase chain reaction testing enabled evaluation of the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and pediatric age on transmission of the Delta variant.
Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron Subvariant BA.2 in a Single-Source Community Outbreak
Vincent Chi Chung Cheng, Jonathan Daniel Ip, Allen Wing Ho Chu, Anthony Raymond Tam, Wan Mui Chan, Syed Muhammad Umer Abdullah, Brian Pui Chun Chan, Shuk Ching Wong, Mike Yat Wah Kwan, Gilbert T Chua, Patrick Ip, Jacky Man Chun Chan, Bosco Hoi Shiu Lam, Wing Kin To, Vivien Wai Man Chuang, Kwok Yung Yuen, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung, Kelvin Kai Wang To
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac203
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e44–e49
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant BA.2 sublineage has increased rapidly in Europe and Asia since January 2022. Here, we report the epidemiological and genomic analysis of a large single-source BA.2 outbreak in a housing estate.
SARS-CoV-2 in Exhaled Aerosol Particles from COVID-19 Cases and Its Association to Household Transmission
Malin Alsved, David Nygren, Sara Thuresson, Patrik Medstrand, Carl Johan Fraenkel, Jakob Löndahl
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac202
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e50–e56
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission via exhaled aerosol particles has been considered an important route for the spread of infection, especially during super-spreading events involving loud talking or singing. However, no study has previously linked measurements of viral aerosol emissions to transmission rates.
Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 After the Second Wave in South Africa in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected and Uninfected Persons: A Cross-Sectional Household Survey
Nicole Wolter, Stefano Tempia, Anne von Gottberg, Jinal N Bhiman, Sibongile Walaza, Jackie Kleynhans, Jocelyn Moyes, Amelia Buys, Meredith L McMorrow, Sue Aitken, Sarah Magni, Jessica Yun, Tamika Fellows, Tetelo Maakamedi, Renay Weiner, Cherie Cawood, Neil Martinson, Limakatso Lebina, Waasila Jassat, Marieke Brauer, Cheryl Cohen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac198
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e57–e68
Seroprevalence studies are important for quantifying the burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in resource-constrained countries.
Age-Specific Changes in Virulence Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants of Concern
David N Fisman, Ashleigh R Tuite
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac174
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e69–e75
Novel variants of concern (VOCs) have been associated with both increased infectivity and virulence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is closely linked to age. Whether relative increases in virulence of novel VOCs are similar across the age spectrum or are limited to some age groups is unknown.
Probable Animal-to-Human Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta Variant AY.127 Causing a Pet Shop-Related Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Hong Kong
Jasper Fuk Woo Chan, Gilman Kit Hang Siu, Shuofeng Yuan, Jonathan Daniel Ip, Jian Piao Cai, Allen Wing Ho Chu, Wan Mui Chan, Syed Muhammad Umer Abdullah, Cuiting Luo, Brian Pui Chun Chan, Terrence Tsz Tai Yuen, Lin Lei Chen, Kenn Ka Heng Chik, Ronghui Liang, Hehe Cao, Vincent Kwok Man Poon, Chris Chung Sing Chan, Kit Hang Leung, Anthony Raymond Tam, Owen Tak Yin Tsang, Jacky Man Chun Chan, Wing Kin To, Bosco Hoi Shiu Lam, Lam Kwong Lee, Hazel Wing Hei Lo, Ivan Tak Fai Wong, Jake Siu Lun Leung, Evelyn Yin Kwan Wong, Hin Chu, Cyril Chik Yan Yip, Vincent Chi Chung Cheng, Kwok Hung Chan, Herman Tse, David Christopher Lung, Kenneth Ho Leung Ng, Albert Ka Wing Au, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung, Kwok Yung Yuen, Kelvin Kai Wang To
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac171
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e76–e81
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect human and other mammals, including hamsters. Syrian (Mesocricetus auratus) and dwarf (Phodopus sp.) hamsters are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the laboratory setting. However, pet shop-related Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks have not been reported.
Mechanically Ventilated Patients Shed High-Titer Live Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for Extended Periods From Both the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract
Zack Saud, Mark Ponsford, Kirsten Bentley, Jade M Cole, Manish Pandey, Stephen Jolles, Chris Fegan, Ian Humphreys, Matt P Wise, Richard Stanton
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac170
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e82–e88
SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome needing intensive care admission and may lead to death. As a virus that transmits by respiratory droplets and aerosols, determining the duration of viable virus shedding from the respiratory tract is critical for patient prognosis, and informs infection-control measures both within healthcare settings and the public domain.
Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Hospitals: Effects of Aerosol-Generating Procedures, HEPA-Filtration Units, Patient Viral Load, and Physical Distance
Sara Thuresson, Carl Johan Fraenkel, Sviataslau Sasinovich, Jonathan Soldemyr, Anders Widell, Patrik Medstrand, Malin Alsved, Jakob Löndahl
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac161
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e89–e96
Transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can occur through inhalation of fine droplets or aerosols containing infectious virus. The objective of this study was to identify situations, patient characteristics, environmental parameters, and aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) associated with airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus.
The Removal of Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Other Microbial Bioaerosols by Air Filtration on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Surge Units
Andrew Conway Morris, Katherine Sharrocks, Rachel Bousfield, Leanne Kermack, Mailis Maes, Ellen Higginson, Sally Forrest, Joana Pereira-Dias, Claire Cormie, Tim Old, Sophie Brooks, Islam Hamed, Alicia Koenig, Andrew Turner, Paul White, R Andres Floto, Gordon Dougan, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Theodore Gouliouris, Stephen Baker, Vilas Navapurkar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab933
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e97–e101,
Airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in a coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) ward before activation of HEPA-air filtration but not during filter operation; SARS-CoV-2 was again detected following filter deactivation. Airborne SARS-CoV-2 was infrequently detected in a COVID-19 intensive care unit. Bioaerosol was also effectively filtered.
Coronavirus Disease 2019’s Challenges to Infection Control Dogma Regarding Respiratory Virus Transmission
Michael Klompas, Meghan A Baker, Chanu Rhee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac204
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e102–e104
Trends in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Seroprevalence in Massachusetts Estimated from Newborn Screening Specimens
Kevin C Ma, Jaime E Hale, Yonatan H Grad, Galit Alter, Katherine Luzuriaga, Roger B Eaton, Stephanie Fischinger, Devinder Kaur, Robin Brody, Sameed M Siddiqui, Dylan Leach, Catherine M Brown, R Monina Klevens, Lawrence Madoff, Anne Marie Comeau
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac158
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e105–e113
Estimating the cumulative incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for setting public health policies. We leveraged deidentified Massachusetts newborn screening specimens as an accessible, retrospective source of maternal antibodies for estimating statewide seroprevalence in a nontest-seeking population.
Refining Reproduction Number Estimates to Account for Unobserved Generations of Infection in Emerging Epidemics
Andrea Brizzi, Megan O’Driscoll, Ilaria Dorigatti
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac138
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e114–e121,
Estimating the transmissibility of infectious diseases is key to inform situational awareness and for response planning. Several methods tend to overestimate the basic (R0) and effective (Rt) reproduction numbers during the initial phases of an epidemic. In this work we explore the impact of incomplete observations and underreporting of the first generations of infections during the initial epidemic phase.
Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Alpha Variant—United States, 2021
Marisa A P Donnelly, Meagan R Chuey, Raymond Soto, Noah G Schwartz, Victoria T Chu, Stacey L Konkle, Sadia Sleweon, Jasmine Ruffin, Dana L Haberling, Sarah Anne J Guagliardo, Robyn A Stoddard, Raydel D Anderson, Clint N Morgan, Rebecca Rossetti, David W McCormick, Reed Magleby, Sarah W Sheldon, Elizabeth A Dietrich, Anna Uehara, Adam C Retchless, Suxiang Tong, Jennifer M Folster, Jan Drobeniuc, Marla E Petway, Brett Austin, Sarah Stous, Eric McDonald, Seema Jain, Meghan M Hudziec, Ginger Stringer, Bernadette A Albanese, Sarah E Totten, J Erin Staples, Marie E Killerby, Laura Hughes, Almea Matanock, Mark Beatty, Jacqueline E Tate, Hannah L Kirking, Christopher H Hsu, COVID-19 Household Transmission Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac125
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e122–e132
In Spring 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.7 (Alpha) became the predominant variant in the United States. Research suggests that Alpha has increased transmissibility compared with non-Alpha lineages. We estimated household secondary infection risk (SIR), assessed characteristics associated with transmission, and compared symptoms of persons with Alpha and non-Alpha infections.
Social Vulnerability and Rurality Associated With Higher Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection–Induced Seroprevalence: A Nationwide Blood Donor Study—United States, July 2020–June 2021
Zheng Li, Brian Lewis, Kevin Berney, Elaine Hallisey, Austin M Williams, Ari Whiteman, Luis O Rivera-González, Kristie E N Clarke, Heather B Clayton, Terry Tincher, Jean D Opsomer, Michael P Busch, Adi V Gundlapalli, Jefferson M Jones
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac105
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e133–e143
Most studies on health disparities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic focused on reported cases and deaths, which are influenced by testing availability and access to care. This study aimed to examine severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody seroprevalence in the United States and its associations with race/ethnicity, rurality, and social vulnerability over time.
Prolonged Shedding of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at High Viral Loads Among Hospitalized Immunocompromised Persons Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), South Africa
Susan Meiring, Stefano Tempia, Jinal N Bhiman, Amelia Buys, Jackie Kleynhans, Mvuyo Makhasi, Meredith McMorrow, Jocelyn Moyes, Vanessa Quan, Sibongile Walaza, Mignon du Plessis, Nicole Wolter, Anne von Gottberg, Cheryl Cohen, COVID-19 shedding study group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac077
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e144–e156
We assessed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA shedding duration and magnitude among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLHIV).
Lower Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Among People Experiencing Homelessness Tested in Outdoor Encampments Compared With Overnight Shelters: Denver, Colorado, June–July 2020
Sarah E Rowan, David W McCormick, Karen A Wendel, Tracy Scott, Jesse Chavez-van de Hey, Kay Wilcox, Sarah A Stella, Kevin Kamis, William J Burman, Grace E Marx
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac039
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e157–e164
A better understanding of the risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that people experiencing homelessness (PEH) face in congregate shelters versus unsheltered encampments is critical for an effective pandemic response.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Incarcerated Adult Men in Quebec, Canada, 2021
Nadine Kronfli, Camille Dussault, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Alexandros Halavrezos, Sylvie Chalifoux, Jessica Sherman, Hyejin Park, Lina Del Balso, Matthew P Cheng, Sébastien Poulin, Joseph Cox
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac031
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e165–e173,
People in prison are at increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We examined the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and associated carceral risk factors among incarcerated adult men in Quebec, Canada.
Quantifying Environmental Mitigation of Aerosol Viral Load in a Controlled Chamber With Participants Diagnosed With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Hooman Parhizkar, Leslie Dietz, Andreas Olsen-Martinez, Patrick F Horve, Liliana Barnatan, Dale Northcutt, Kevin G Van Den Wymelenberg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac006
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e174–e184
Several studies indicate that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily transmitted within indoor spaces. Therefore, environmental characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral load with respect to human activity, building parameters, and environmental mitigation strategies is critical to combat disease transmission.
Duration of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Natural Immunity and Protection Against the Delta Variant: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Priscilla Kim, Steven M Gordon, Megan M Sheehan, Michael B Rothberg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab999
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e185–e190
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to be highly protective against reinfection and symptomatic disease. However, effectiveness against the Delta variant and duration of natural immunity remain unknown.
Acute and Persistent Symptoms in Children With Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)–Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Compared With Test-Negative Children in England: Active, Prospective, National Surveillance
Maria Zavala, Georgina Ireland, Zahin Amin-Chowdhury, Mary E Ramsay, Shamez N Ladhani
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab991
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e191–e200
Most children recover quickly after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but some may have ongoing symptoms. Follow-up studies have been limited by small sample sizes and lack of appropriate controls.
Reinfection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Previously Infected Healthcare Personnel and First Responders
Lara J Akinbami, Brad J Biggerstaff, Philip A Chan, Emily McGibbon, Preeti Pathela, Lyle R Petersen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab952
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e201–e207
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus testing among first responders and healthcare personnel who participated in a May 2020–August 2020 serosurvey that assessed spike protein antibodies provided an opportunity to assess reinfection.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Associates With Unstable Housing and Occurs in the Presence of Antibodies
David J Bean, Janet Monroe, Jacquelyn Turcinovic, Yvetane Moreau, John H Connor, Manish Sagar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab940
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e208–e215
The factors associated with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection remain poorly defined.
Universal Community Nucleic Acid Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong Reveals Insights Into Transmission Dynamics: A Cross-Sectional and Modeling Study
Bingyi Yang, Tim K Tsang, Huizhi Gao, Eric H Y Lau, Yun Lin, Faith Ho, Jingyi Xiao, Jessica Y Wong, Dillon C Adam, Qiuyan Liao, Peng Wu, Benjamin J Cowling, Gabriel M Leung
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab925
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e216–e223
Testing of an entire community has been used as an approach to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Hong Kong, a universal community testing program (UCTP) was implemented at the fadeout phase of a community epidemic in July to September 2020. We described the utility of the UCTP in finding unrecognized infections and analyzed data from the UCTP and other sources to characterize transmission dynamics.
Understanding the Potential Impact of Different Drug Properties on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission and Disease Burden: A Modelling Analysis
Charles Whittaker, Oliver J Watson, Carlos Alvarez-Moreno, Nasikarn Angkasekwinai, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Luis Carlos Triana, Duncan Chanda, Lantharita Charoenpong, Methee Chayakulkeeree, Graham S Cooke, Julio Croda, Zulma M Cucunubá, Bimandra A Djaafara, Cassia F Estofolete, Maria Eugenia Grillet, Nuno R Faria, Silvia Figueiredo Costa, David A Forero-Peña, Diana M Gibb, Anthony C Gordon, Raph L Hamers, Arran Hamlet, Vera Irawany, Anupop Jitmuang, Nukool Keurueangkul, Teresia Njoki Kimani, Margarita Lampo, Anna S Levin, Gustavo Lopardo, Rima Mustafa, Shevanthi Nayagam, Thundon Ngamprasertchai, Ng’ang’a Irene Hannah Njeri, Mauricio L Nogueira, Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Mauricio W Perroud, Jr., Andrew N Phillips, Panuwat Promsin, Ambar Qavi, Alison J Rodger, Ester C Sabino, Sorawat Sangkaew, Djayanti Sari, Rujipas Sirijatuphat, Andrei C Sposito, Pratthana Srisangthong, Hayley A Thompson, Zarir Udwadia, Sandra Valderrama-Beltrán, Peter Winskill, Azra C Ghani, Patrick G T Walker, Timothy B Hallett
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab837
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e224–e233
The public health impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has motivated a rapid search for potential therapeutics, with some key successes. However, the potential impact of different treatments, and consequently research and procurement priorities, have not been clear.
Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission Among Air Passengers in China
Maogui Hu, Jinfeng Wang, Hui Lin, Corrine W Ruktanonchai, Chengdong Xu, Bin Meng, Xin Zhang, Alessandra Carioli, Yuqing Feng, Qian Yin, Jessica R Floyd, Nick W Ruktanonchai, Zhongjie Li, Weizhong Yang, Andrew J Tatem, Shengjie Lai
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab836
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e234–e240
Modern transportation plays a key role in the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and new variants. However, little is known about the exact transmission risk of the virus on airplanes.
Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Exhaled Aerosols and Efficacy of Masks During Early Mild Infection
Oluwasanmi O Adenaiye, Jianyu Lai, P Jacob Bueno de Mesquita, Filbert Hong, Somayeh Youssefi, Jennifer German, S H Sheldon Tai, Barbara Albert, Maria Schanz, Stuart Weston, Jun Hang, Christian Fung, Hye Kyung Chung, Kristen K Coleman, Nicolae Sapoval, Todd Treangen, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Kristin Mullins, Matthew Frieman, Tianzhou Ma, Donald K Milton
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab797
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e241–e248
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiology implicates airborne transmission; aerosol infectiousness and impacts of masks and variants on aerosol shedding are not well understood.
Similar Antibody Responses Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Individuals Living Without and With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy During the First South African Infection Wave
Jumari Snyman, Shi Hsia Hwa, Robert Krause, Daniel Muema, Tarylee Reddy, Yashica Ganga, Farina Karim, Alasdair Leslie, Alex Sigal, Thumbi Ndung’u, COVID-19 Mechanisms and Multi-omics at the Intersection of TB and HIV in KwaZulu-Natal (COMMIT-KZN Team)
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab758
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e249–e256
There is limited understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis in African populations with a high burden of infectious disease comorbidities such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The kinetics, magnitude, and duration of virus-specific antibodies and B-cell responses in people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa have not been fully characterized.
Clinical Spectrum of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Protection From Symptomatic Reinfection
Hannah E Maier, Guillermina Kuan, Saira Saborio, Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo, Miguel Plazaola, Carlos Barilla, Nery Sanchez, Roger Lopez, Matt Smith, John Kubale, Sergio Ojeda, Julio C Zuniga-Moya, Bradley Carlson, Brenda Lopez, Anna M Gajewski, Mahboob Chowdhury, Eva Harris, Angel Balmaseda, Aubree Gordon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab717
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e257–e266
There are few data on the full spectrum of disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across the lifespan from community-based or nonclinical settings.
Contact-Tracing Outcomes Among Household Contacts of Fully Vaccinated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: San Francisco, California, 29 January–2 July 2021
Darpun D Sachdev, Rilene Chew Ng, Madeline Sankaran, Alexandra Ernst, Katherine T Hernandez, Venice Servellita, Alicia Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Juliet Stoltey, Stephanie E Cohen, Trang Quyen Nguyen, Charles Y Chiu, Susan Philip
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1042
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e267–e275
The extent to which vaccinated persons diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can transmit to other vaccinated and unvaccinated persons is unclear.
Predictors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Following High-Risk Exposure
Kristin L Andrejko, Jake Pry, Jennifer F Myers, John Openshaw, James Watt, Nozomi Birkett, Jennifer L DeGuzman, Camilla M Barbaduomo, Zheng N Dong, Anna T Fang, Paulina M Frost, Timothy Ho, Mahsa H Javadi, Sophia S Li, Vivian H Tran, Christine Wan, Seema Jain, Joseph A Lewnard, California COVID-19 Case-Control Study Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1040
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e276–e288
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are recommended for COVID-19 prevention. However, the effectiveness of NPIs in preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission remains poorly quantified.
High Asymptomatic Carriage With the Omicron Variant in South Africa
Nigel Garrett, Asa Tapley, Jessica Andriesen, Ishen Seocharan, Leigh H Fisher, Lisa Bunts, Nicole Espy, Carole L Wallis, April Kaur Randhawa, Maurine D Miner, Nzeera Ketter, Margaret Yacovone, Ameena Goga, Yunda Huang, John Hural, Philip Kotze, Linda Gail Bekker, Glenda E Gray, Lawrence Corey, Ubuntu Study Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac237
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e289–e292
We report a 23% asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) Omicron carriage rate in participants being enrolled into a clinical trial in South Africa, 15-fold higher than in trials before Omicron. We also found lower CD4 + T-cell counts in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strongly correlated with increased odds of being SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive.
Reproduction Numbers of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Zhanwei Du, Caifen Liu, Chunyu Wang, Lingfeng Xu, Mingda Xu, Lin Wang, Yuan Bai, Xiaoke Xu, Eric H Y Lau, Peng Wu, Benjamin J Cowling
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac137
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e293–e295
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to pose substantial risks to public health, worsened by the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that may have a higher transmissibility and reduce vaccine effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on reproduction numbers of SARS-CoV-2 variants and provided pooled estimates for each variant.
Rapid Control of Hospital-Based Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Clusters Through Daily Testing and Universal Use of N95 Respirators
Meghan A Baker, Chanu Rhee, Robert Tucker, Amy Badwaik, Cassie Coughlin, Meghan A Holtzman, Candace Hsieh, Angela Maguire, Elizabeth Mermel Blaeser, Saranya Seetharaman, Ofelia Solem, Vineeta Vaidya, Michael Klompas
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac113
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e296–e299
The highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant increases risk for nosocomial transmission despite universal masking, admission testing, and symptom screening. We report large increases in hospital-onset infections and 2 unit-based clusters. The clusters rapidly abated after instituting universal N95 respirators and daily testing. Broader use of these strategies may prevent nosocomial transmissions.
Pediatric Hospitalizations After School Reopening During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Alpha (B.1.1.7) Variant Spread: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study in Israel
Nir Friedman, Nitai Levy, Or Kaplan, Gabi Padeh, Danna Krupik, Ron Jacob, Shirly Gamsu, Giora Weiser, Naama Kuchinski Cohen, Zeev Schnapp, Noy Cohen, Oren Feldman, Danit Porat, Moran Gal, Alexandra Gleyzer, Tali Capua, Adi Klein, Livnat Sharkansky, Smadar Shilo, Itamar Grotto, Eran Kozer, Itai Shavit
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac065
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e300–e302
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission Dynamics and Immune Responses in a Household of Vaccinated Persons
Jamin Liu, Matthew T Laurie, Luis Rubio, Sara E Vazquez, Sara Sunshine, Anthea M Mitchell, Matthias Hapte-Selassie, Sabrina A Mann, Genay Pilarowski, Douglas Black, Carina Marquez, Susana Rojas, Michail S Lionakis, Maya Petersen, Jeffrey D Whitman, Vivek Jain, Mark Anderson, Diane Havlir, Joseph DeRisi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac029
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e303–e306
While SARS-CoV-2 vaccines prevent severe disease effectively, postvaccination “breakthrough� COVID-19 infections and transmission among vaccinated individuals remain ongoing concerns. We present an in-depth characterization of transmission and immunity among vaccinated individuals in a household, revealing complex dynamics and unappreciated comorbidities, including autoimmunity to type 1 interferon in the presumptive index case.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 environmental contamination in hospital rooms is uncommon using viral culture techniques
Bobby G Warren, Alicia Nelson, Aaron Barrett, Bechtler Addison, Amanda Graves, Raquel Binder, Gregory Gray, Sarah Lewis, Becky A Smith, David J Weber, Emily E Sickbert-Bennett, Deverick J Anderson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac023
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e307–e309,
We assessed environmental contamination of inpatient rooms housing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in a dedicated COVID-19 unit. Contamination with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was found on 5.5% (19/347) of surfaces via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and 0.3% (1/347) of surfaces via cell culture. Environmental contamination is uncommon in hospitals rooms; RNA presence is not a specific indicator of infectious virus.
Examining the Robustness of 3 Versus 6 Feet of Physical Distancing in Schools: A Reanalysis of van den Berg et al
Brennan Klein, Daniel A Harris
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac187
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e310–e311
Reply to Klein and Harris
Emily Oster, Elissa M Schechter-Perkins, Westyn Branch-Elliman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac190
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e312–e313
Long-Term Accuracy of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Interferon-γ Release Assay and Its Application in Household Investigation
Kanagavel Murugesan, Prasanna Jagannathan, Jonathan Altamirano, Yvonne A Maldonado, Hector F Bonilla, Karen B Jacobson, Julie Parsonnet, Jason R Andrews, Run Zhang Shi, Scott Boyd, Benjamin A Pinsky, Upinder Singh, Niaz Banaei
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac045
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e314–e321
An immunodiagnostic assay that sensitively detects a cell-mediated immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is needed for epidemiological investigation and for clinical assessment of T- cell-mediated immune response to vaccines, particularly in the context of emerging variants that might escape antibody responses.
Universal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Testing for Obstetric Inpatient Units Across the United States
Jennifer Gilner, Namita Kansal, Joseph R Biggio, Shani Delaney, Chad A Grotegut, Erica Hardy, Adi Hirshberg, Alisa Kachikis, Sylvia M LaCourse, Jane Martin, Torri D Metz, Emily S Miller, Mary E Norton, Rachel Sinkey, Nasim C Sobhani, Shannon L Son, Sindhu Srinivas, Alan Tita, Erika F Werner, Brenna L Hughes
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab955
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e322–e328
The purpose of this study was to estimate prevalence of asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among patients admitted to obstetric inpatient units throughout the United States as detected by universal screening. We sought to describe the relationship between obstetric inpatient asymptomatic infection rates and publicly available surrounding community infection rates.
Symptoms and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Positivity in the General Population in the United Kingdom
Karina Doris Vihta, Koen B Pouwels, Tim E A Peto, Emma Pritchard, David W Eyre, Thomas House, Owen Gethings, Ruth Studley, Emma Rourke, Duncan Cook, Ian Diamond, Derrick Crook, Philippa C Matthews, Nicole Stoesser, Ann Sarah Walker, COVID-19 Infection Survey
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab945
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e329–e337
“Classic� symptoms (cough, fever, loss of taste/smell) prompt severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in the United Kingdom. Studies have assessed the ability of different symptoms to identify infection, but few have compared symptoms over time (reflecting variants) and by vaccination status.
Clinical Performance of a Standardized Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Interferon-γ Release Assay for Simple Detection of T-Cell Responses After Infection or Vaccination
Marta Fernández-González, Vanesa Agulló, Sergio Padilla, José Alberto GarcÃa, Javier GarcÃa-Abellán, Ã�ngela Botella, Paula Mascarell, Montserrat Ruiz-GarcÃa, Mar Masiá, Félix Gutiérrez
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1021
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e338–e346
We evaluated a standardized interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) for detection of T-cell immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination.
Utility of Follow-up Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Antigen Tests After Acute Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Among Healthcare Personnel
Aaron J Tande, Melanie D Swift, Douglas W Challener, Elie F Berbari, Christopher P Tommaso, Darrin R Christopherson, Matthew J Binnicker, Laura E Breeher
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac235
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e347–e349
We report the utility of rapid antigen tests (RAgT) in a cohort of US healthcare personnel with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection who met symptom criteria to return to work at day 5 or later of isolation. In total, 11.9% of initial RAgT were negative. RAgT can be helpful to guide return to work decisions.
Rapid Detection and Characterization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron Variant in a Returning Traveler
Mary Elizabeth Sexton, Jesse J Waggoner, Ludy R Carmola, Phuong Vi Nguyen, Ethan Wang, Dara Khosravi, Azmain Taz, Robert A Arthur, Mit Patel, Venkata Viswanadh Edara, Stephanie L Foster, Kathryn M Moore, Matthew Gagne, Jesmine Roberts-Torres, Amy R Henry, Sucheta Godbole, Daniel C Douek, Nadine Rouphael, Mehul S Suthar, Anne Piantadosi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac032
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e350–e353
We describe rapid detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant using targeted spike single-nucleotide polymorphism polymerase chain reaction and viral genome sequencing. This case occurred in a fully vaccinated and boosted returning traveler with mild symptoms who was identified through community surveillance rather than clinical care.
Two Cases of Breakthrough Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections Caused by the Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529 Lineage) in International Travelers to Japan
Taketomo Maruki, Noriko Iwamoto, Kohei Kanda, Nobumasa Okumura, Gen Yamada, Masahiro Ishikane, Mugen Ujiie, Masumichi Saito, Tsuguto Fujimoto, Tsutomu Kageyama, Tomoya Saito, Shinji Saito, Tadaki Suzuki, Norio Ohmagari
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1072
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e354–e356
In November 2021, the World Health Organization designated a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant of concern, Omicron (PANGO lineage B.1.1.529). We report on the first 2 cases of breakthrough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Omicron in Japan among international travelers returning from the country with undetected infection. The spread of infection by Omicron were considered.
Trend in Sensitivity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Serology One Year After Mild and Asymptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Unpacking Potential Bias in Seroprevalence Studies
Christopher R Bailie, Yeu Yang Tseng, Louise Carolan, Martyn D Kirk, Suellen Nicholson, Annette Fox, Sheena G Sullivan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac020
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e357–e360
A key aim of serosurveillance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been to estimate the prevalence of prior infection, by correcting crude seroprevalence against estimated test performance for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19. We show that poor generalizability of sensitivity estimates to some target populations may lead to substantial underestimation of case numbers.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Disease Severity in Children Infected With the Omicron VariantÂ
Adeel A Butt, Soha R Dargham, Srusvin Loka, Riyazuddin M Shaik, Hiam Chemaitelly, Patrick Tang, Mohammad R Hasan, Peter V Coyle, Hadi M Yassine, Hebah A Al-Khatib, Maria K Smatti, Anvar H Kaleeckal, Ali Nizar Latif, Ahmed Zaqout, Muna A Almaslamani, Abdullatif Al Khal, Roberto Bertollini, Abdul Badi Abou-Samra, Laith J Abu-Raddad
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac275
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e361–e367
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection from the Omicron variant in children/adolescents is less severe than infection from the Delta variant. Those 6 to <18 years also have less severe disease than those <6 years old.
Facilitating Safe Discharge Through Predicting Disease Progression in Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Prospective Cohort Study to Develop and Validate a Clinical Prediction Model in Resource-Limited Settings
Arjun Chandna, Raman Mahajan, Priyanka Gautam, Lazaro Mwandigha, Karthik Gunasekaran, Divendu Bhusan, Arthur T L Cheung, Nicholas Day, Sabine Dittrich, Arjen Dondorp, Tulasi Geevar, Srinivasa R Ghattamaneni, Samreen Hussain, Carolina Jimenez, Rohini Karthikeyan, Sanjeev Kumar, Shiril Kumar, Vikash Kumar, Debasree Kundu, Ankita Lakshmanan, Abi Manesh, Chonticha Menggred, Mahesh Moorthy, Jennifer Osborn, Melissa Richard-Greenblatt, Sadhana Sharma, Veena K Singh, Vikash K Singh, Javvad Suri, Shuichi Suzuki, Jaruwan Tubprasert, Paul Turner, Annavi M G Villanueva, Naomi Waithira, Pragya Kumar, George M Varghese, Constantinos Koshiaris, Yoel Lubell, Sakib Burza
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac224
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e368–e379
In locations where few people have received coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, health systems remain vulnerable to surges in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Tools to identify patients suitable for community-based management are urgently needed.
Efficacy and Safety of Sarilumab in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Sumathi Sivapalasingam, David J Lederer, Rafia Bhore, Negin Hajizadeh, Gerard Criner, Romana Hosain, Adnan Mahmood, Angeliki Giannelou, Selin Somersan-Karakaya, Meagan P O’Brien, Anita Boyapati, Janie Parrino, Bret J Musser, Emily Labriola-Tompkins, Divya Ramesh, Lisa A Purcell, Daya Gulabani, Wendy Kampman, Alpana Waldron, Michelle Ng Gong, Suraj Saggar, Steven J Sperber, Vidya Menon, David K Stein, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, William Park, Judith A Aberg, Samuel M Brown, Jack A Kosmicki, Julie E Horowitz, Manuel A Ferreira, Aris Baras, Bari Kowal, A Thomas DiCioccio, Bolanle Akinlade, Michael C Nivens, Ned Braunstein, Gary A Herman, George D Yancopoulos, David M Weinreich for the Sarilumab-COVID-19 Study Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac153
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e380–e388
Open-label platform trials and a prospective meta-analysis suggest efficacy of anti–interleukin (IL)-6R therapies in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) receiving corticosteroids. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of sarilumab, an anti–IL-6R monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Comparing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Waves in Hospitalized Patients: A Retrospective, Multicenter, Cohort Study
Yaron Niv, Noa Eliakim-Raz, Yaron Bar-Lavi, Manfred Green, Jacob Dreiher, Amit Hupert, Laurence Freedman, Yoram Weiss, Riki Zetland, Shirli Luz, Doron Menachemi, Michael Kuniavsky, Gaila Rahav, Ram Sagi, Nethanel Goldschmidt, Hanna Mahalla
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac119
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e389–e396
Coronavirus disease 2019 was first diagnosed in Israel at the end of February 2020. By the end of June 2021, there were 842 536 confirmed cases and 6428 deaths. Our aim in this multicenter, retrospective, cohort study is to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients and compare the pandemic waves before immunization.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pregnant Women: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis of Data From the COVID-19 Registry Japan
Kensuke Shoji, Shinya Tsuzuki, Takayuki Akiyama, Nobuaki Matsunaga, Yusuke Asai, Setsuko Suzuki, Noriko Iwamoto, Takanori Funaki, Masaki Yamada, Nobuaki Ozawa, Koushi Yamaguchi, Isao Miyairi, Norio Ohmagari
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac028
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e397–e402
Several studies have investigated whether pregnancy is a risk factor for developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the results remain controversial. In addition, the information regarding risk factors for developing severe COVID-19 in pregnant women is limited.
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone Versus Dexamethasone Alone for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients Requiring Supplemental O2 Therapy: A Prospective Controlled Nonrandomized Study
Aldo Marrone, Riccardo Nevola, Ausilia Sellitto, Domenico Cozzolino, Ciro Romano, Giovanna Cuomo, Concetta Aprea, Michelangelo X Palou Schwartzbaum, Carmen Ricozzi, Simona Imbriani, Luca Rinaldi, Klodian Gjeloshi, Andrea Padula, Roberta Ranieri, Carolina Ruosi, Luciana Agnese Meo, Marianna Abitabile, Francesca Cinone, Caterina Carusone, Luigi Elio Adinolfi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac014
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e403–e409
Remdesivir is an antiviral used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which improves some clinical outcomes. Dexamethasone has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality. It has been hypothesized that combination of these two drugs can improve mortality. We evaluated the effect of combination on mortality of COVID-19 patients requiring O2 therapy.
Circulating Ubiquitous RNA, A Highly Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker in Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients
Thomas Bruneau, Maxime Wack, Geoffroy Poulet, Nicolas Robillard, Aurélien Philippe, Pierre Laurent Puig, Laurent Bélec, Jérôme Hadjadj, Wenjin Xiao, Julia Linnea Kallberg, Solen Kernéis, Jean Luc Diehl, Benjamin Terrier, David M Smadja, Valerie Taly, David Veyer, Hélène Péré
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab997
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e410–e417
Approximately 15–30% of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic tissue injury, and/or multi-organ failure leading to death in around 45% of cases. There is a clear need for biomarkers that quantify tissue injury, predict clinical outcomes, and guide the clinical management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Phenotyping of Acute and Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Features in the Outpatient Setting: Exploratory Analysis of an International Cross-sectional Online Survey
Sabina Sahanic, Piotr Tymoszuk, Dietmar Ausserhofer, Verena Rass, Alex Pizzini, Goetz Nordmeyer, Katharina Hüfner, Katharina Kurz, Paulina Maria Weber, Thomas Sonnweber, Anna Boehm, Magdalena Aichner, Katharina Cima, Barbara Boeckle, Bernhard Holzner, Gerhard Rumpold, Christoph Puelacher, Stefan Kiechl, Andreas Huber, Christian J Wiedermann, Barbara Sperner-Unterweger, Ivan Tancevski, Rosa Bellmann-Weiler, Herbert Bachler, Giuliano Piccoliori, Raimund Helbok, Guenter Weiss, Judith Loeffler-Ragg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab978
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e418–e431
Long COVID, defined as the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms ≥28 days after clinical onset, is an emerging challenge to healthcare systems. The objective of the current study was to explore recovery phenotypes in nonhospitalized individuals with COVID-19.
Efficacy of Early Treatment With Favipiravir on Disease Progression Among High-Risk Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial
Chuan Huan Chuah, Ting Soo Chow, Chee Peng Hor, Joo Thye Cheng, Hong Bee Ker, Heng Gee Lee, Kok Soon Lee, Noridah Nordin, Tiang Koi Ng, Masliza Zaid, Nor Zaila Zaidan, Suhaila Abdul Wahab, Nurul Ashikin Adnan, Noorlina Nordin, Tze Yuan Tee, Su Miin Ong, Suresh Kumar Chidambaram, Mahiran Mustafa, Malaysian Favipiravir Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab962
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e432–e439
The role of favipiravir in preventing disease progression in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains uncertain. We aimed to determine its effect in preventing disease progression from nonhypoxia to hypoxia among high-risk COVID-19 patients.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab Together in High-Risk Ambulatory Patients With COVID-19 and Validation of the Prognostic Value of Persistently High Viral Load
Michael Dougan, Masoud Azizad, Bharat Mocherla, Robert L Gottlieb, Peter Chen, Corey Hebert, Russell Perry, Joseph Boscia, Barry Heller, Jason Morris, Chad Crystal, Awawu Igbinadolor, Gregory Huhn, Jose Cardona, Imad Shawa, Princy Kumar, Andra Blomkalns, Andrew C Adams, Jacob Van Naarden, Kenneth L Custer, Jack Knorr, Gerard Oakley, Andrew E Schade, Timothy R Holzer, Philip J Ebert, Richard E Higgs, Janelle Sabo, Dipak R Patel, Matan C Dabora, Mark Williams, Paul Klekotka, Lei Shen, Daniel M Skovronsky, Ajay Nirula BLAZE-1 investigators
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab912
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e440–e449
Based on interim analyses and modeling data, lower doses of bamlanivimab and etesevimab together (700/1400Â mg) were investigated to determine optimal dose and expand availability of treatment.
Remdesivir Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comparative Analysis of In-hospital All-cause Mortality in a Large Multicenter Observational Cohort
Essy Mozaffari, Aastha Chandak, Zhiji Zhang, Shuting Liang, Mark Thrun, Robert L Gottlieb, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Paul E Sax, David A Wohl, Roman Casciano, Paul Hodgkins, Richard Haubrich
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab875
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e450–e458
Remdesivir (RDV) improved clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in randomized trials, but data from clinical practice are limited.
Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Human Hyperimmune Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Adult Syrian Hamsters
Charles B Stauft, Million Tegenge, Surender Khurana, Youri Lee, Prabhuanand Selvaraj, Hana Golding, Tony Wang, Basil Golding
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab854
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e459–e465
After the failure of antibody therapies in treating hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we investigated the impact of viral replication on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a hyperimmune severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin (CoVIG) product in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection using an adult Syrian hamster model.
A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational, Cohort-Controlled Study of Clinical Outcomes Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
Lakshmi Chauhan, Jack Pattee, Joshay Ford, Chris Thomas, Kelsey Lesteberg, Eric Richards, Carl A Bernas, Michele Loi, Larry Dumont, Kyle Annen, Mary Berg, Mercedes Zirbes, Vijaya Knight, Amanda Miller, Timothy C Jenkins, Tellen D Bennett, Daniel Monkowski, Rebecca S Boxer, J David Beckham
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab834
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e466–e472
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused high inpatient mortality and morbidity throughout the world. COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) has been utilized as a potential therapy for patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. This study evaluated the outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with CCP in a prospective, observational, multicenter trial.
Randomized Study of Rivaroxaban vs Placebo on Disease Progression and Symptoms Resolution in High-Risk Adults With Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019
Jintanat Ananworanich, Robin Mogg, Michael W Dunne, Mohamed Bassyouni, Consuela Vera David, Erika Gonzalez, Taryn Rogalski-Salter, Heather Shih, Jared Silverman, Jeroen Medema, Penny Heaton
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab813
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e473–e481
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection may be associated with a prothrombotic state, predisposing patients for a progressive disease course. We investigated whether rivaroxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant factor Xa inhibitor, would reduce coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression.
Evolution of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Symptoms During the First 12 Months After Illness Onset
Elke Wynberg, Hugo D G van Willigen, Maartje Dijkstra, Anders Boyd, Neeltje A Kootstra, Joost G van den Aardweg, Marit J van Gils, Amy Matser, Marije R de Wit, Tjalling Leenstra, Godelieve de Bree, Menno D de Jong, Maria Prins, RECoVERED Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab759
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e482–e490
Few robust longitudinal data on long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms are available. We evaluated symptom onset, severity and recovery across the full spectrum of disease severity, up to one year after illness onset.
Fostamatinib for the Treatment of Hospitalized Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized Trial
Jeffrey R Strich, Xin Tian, Mohamed Samour, Christopher S King, Oksana Shlobin, Robert Reger, Jonathan Cohen, Kareem Ahmad, A Whitney Brown, Vikramjit Khangoora, Shambhu Aryal, Yazan Migdady, Jennifer Jo Kyte, Jungnam Joo, Rebecca Hays, A Claire Collins, Edwinia Battle, Janet Valdez, Josef Rivero, Ick Ho Kim, Julie Erb-Alvarez, Ruba Shalhoub, Mala Chakraborty, Susan Wong, Benjamin Colton, Marcos J Ramos-Benitez, Seth Warner, Daniel S Chertow, Kenneth N Olivier, Georg Aue, Richard T Davey, Anthony F Suffredini, Richard W Childs, Steven D Nathan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab732
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e491–e498
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring hospitalization is characterized by robust antibody production, dysregulated immune response, and immunothrombosis. Fostamatinib is a novel spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor that we hypothesize will ameliorate Fc activation and attenuate harmful effects of the anti-COVID-19 immune response.
Optimal Timing of Remdesivir Initiation in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Administered With Dexamethasone
Carlos K H Wong, Kristy T K Lau, Ivan C H Au, Xi Xiong, Matthew S H Chung, Eric H Y Lau, Benjamin J Cowling
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab728
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e499–e508
Evidence is lacking about any additional benefits of introducing remdesivir on top of dexamethasone, and the optimal timing of initiation.
Compassionate Use of REGEN-COV® in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Immunodeficiency-Associated Antibody Disorders
David Stein, Ernesto Oviedo-Orta, Wendy A Kampman, Jennifer McGinniss, George Betts, Margaret McDermott, Beth Holly, Johnathan M Lancaster, Ned Braunstein, George D Yancopoulos, David M Weinreich
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1059
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e509–e515
Patients with immunodeficiency-associated antibody disorders are at a higher risk of prolonged/persistent COVID-19 infection, having no viable treatment options.
Real-World Effectiveness of Remdesivir in Adults Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Retrospective, Multicenter Comparative Effectiveness Study
Brian T Garibaldi, Kunbo Wang, Matthew L Robinson, Joshua Betz, G Caleb Alexander, Kathleen M Andersen, Corey S Joseph, Hemalkumar B Mehta, Kimberly Korwek, Kenneth E Sands, Arielle M Fisher, Robert C Bollinger, Yanxun Xu
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1035
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e516–e524
There is an urgent need to understand the real-world effectiveness of remdesivir in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Pharmacokinetics of ß-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine, the Parent Nucleoside of Prodrug Molnupiravir, in Nonplasma Compartments of Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Richard FitzGerald, Laura Dickinson, Laura Else, Thomas Fletcher, Colin Hale, Alieu Amara, Lauren Walker, Sujan Dilly Penchala, Rebecca Lyon, Victoria Shaw, William Greenhalf, Katie Bullock, Lara Lavelle-Langham, Helen Reynolds, Wendy Painter, Wayne Holman, Sean Ewings, Gareth Griffiths, Saye Khoo
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac199
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e525–e528
ß-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), the parent nucleoside of molnupiravir, a COVID-19 antiviral, was quantified at SARS-CoV-2 transmission sites in 12 patients enrolled in AGILE Candidate-Specific Trial-2. Saliva, nasal, and tear NHC concentrations were 3%, 21%, and 22% that of plasma. Saliva and nasal NHC were significantly correlated with plasma (P < .0001).
Fair Allocation of Scarce Therapies for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Govind Persad, Monica E Peek, Seema K Shah
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1039
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e529–e533
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued emergency use authorizations (EUAs) for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for nonhospitalized patients with mild or moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and for individuals exposed to COVID-19 as postexposure prophylaxis. EUAs for oral antiviral drugs have also been issued.
Omicron Variant Escapes Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) Including Recently Released Evusheld®, Contrary to 8 Prior Main Variant of Concern (VOC)
Céline Boschi, Philippe Colson, Audrey Bancod, Valérie Moal, Bernard La Scola
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac143
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e534–e535
Associations Between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants and Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalization Among Confirmed Cases in Washington State: A Retrospective Cohort StudyÂ
Miguel I Paredes, Stephanie M Lunn, Michael Famulare, Lauren A Frisbie, Ian Painter, Roy Burstein, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Hong Xie, Shah A Mohamed Bakhash, Ricardo Perez, Maria Lukes, Sean Ellis, Saraswathi Sathees, Patrick C Mathias, Alexander Greninger, Lea M Starita, Chris D Frazar, Erica Ryke, Weizhi Zhong, Luis Gamboa, Machiko Threlkeld, Jover Lee, Evan McDermot, Melissa Truong, Deborah A Nickerson, Daniel L Bates, Matthew E Hartman, Eric Haugen, Truong N Nguyen, Joshua D Richards, Jacob L Rodriguez, John A Stamatoyannopoulos, Eric Thorland, Geoff Melly, Philip E Dykema, Drew C MacKellar, Hannah K Gray, Avi Singh, JohnAric M Peterson, Denny Russell, Laura Marcela Torres, Scott Lindquist, Trevor Bedford, Krisandra J Allen, Hanna N Oltean
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac279
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e536–e544
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is dominated by variant viruses; the resulting impact on disease severity remains unclear. Using a retrospective cohort study, we assessed the hospitalization risk following infection with 7 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Naturally Acquired Immunity versus Vaccine-induced Immunity, Reinfections versus Breakthrough Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Sivan Gazit, Roei Shlezinger, Galit Perez, Roni Lotan, Asaf Peretz, Amir Ben-Tov, Esma Herzel, Hillel Alapi, Dani Cohen, Khitam Muhsen, Gabriel Chodick, Tal Patalon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac262
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e545–e551
Waning of protection against infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) conferred by 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine begins shortly after inoculation and becomes substantial within 4 months. With that, the impact of prior infection on incident SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is unclear. Therefore, we examined the long-term protection of naturally acquired immunity (protection conferred by previous infection) compared to vaccine-induced immunity.
Humoral and Cellular Immune Response Elicited by mRNA Vaccination Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy Based on Current CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count
Andrea Antinori, Stefania Cicalini, Silvia Meschi, Veronica Bordoni, Patrizia Lorenzini, Alessandra Vergori, Simone Lanini, Lidya De Pascale, Giulia Matusali, Davide Mariotti, Alessandro Cozzi Lepri, Paola Gallì, Carmela Pinnetti, Roberta Gagliardini, Valentina Mazzotta, Ilaria Mastrorosa, Susanna Grisetti, Francesca Colavita, Eleonora Cimini, Elisabetta Grilli, Rita Bellagamba, Daniele Lapa, Alessandra Sacchi, Alessandra Marani, Carlo Cerini, Caterina Candela, Marisa Fusto, Vincenzo Puro, Concetta Castilletti, Chiara Agrati, Enrico Girardi, Francesco Vaia, for the HIV-VAC Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac238
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e552–e563
Data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH are currently limited. Aim of the study was to investigate immunogenicity according to current CD4 T-cell count
Effects of Confounding Bias in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Test-Negative Designs Due to Correlated Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Behaviors
Margaret K Doll, Stacy M Pettigrew, Julia Ma, Aman Verma
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac234
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e564–e571
The test-negative design is commonly used to estimate influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness (VE). In these studies, correlated COVID-19 and influenza vaccine behaviors may introduce a confounding bias where controls are included with the other vaccine-preventable acute respiratory illness (ARI). We quantified the impact of this bias on VE estimates in studies where this bias is not addressed.
Antibody-Mediated Immunogenicity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Following Priming, Boosting, and Hybrid Immunity: Insights From 11 Months of Follow-up of a Healthcare Worker Cohort in Israel, December 2020–October 2021
Michael Edelstein, Karine Wiegler Beiruti, Hila Ben-Amram, Naor Bar-Zeev, Christian Sussan, Hani Asulin, David Strauss, Younes Bathish, Salman Zarka, Kamal Abu Jabal
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac212
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e572–e578
We determined circulating anti-S severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers in a vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) cohort from Northern Israel in the 11 months following primary vaccination according to age, ethnicity, and previous infection status.
Vaccine Effectiveness of 3 Versus 2 Doses of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA Vaccines in a High-Risk National Population
Adeel A Butt, Victor B Talisa, Peng Yan, Obaid S Shaikh, Saad B Omer, Florian B Mayr
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac178
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e579–e584
Knowledge of the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a third or booster vaccine dose in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection or its consequences is critical in developing recommendations for their use. We determined relative VE of 3 vs 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and severe/critical disease.
Antibody Response in Immunocompromised Patients After the Administration of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccine BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Benjamin Speich, Frédérique Chammartin, Irene A Abela, Patrizia Amico, Marcel P Stoeckle, Anna L Eichenberger, Barbara Hasse, Dominique L Braun, Macé M Schuurmans, Thomas F Müller, Michael Tamm, Annette Audigé, Nicolas J Mueller, Andri Rauch, Huldrych F Günthard, Michael T Koller, Alexandra Trkola, Matthias Briel, Katharina Kusejko, Heiner C Bucher, Swiss HIV Cohort Study and the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac169
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e585–e593
BNT162b2 by Pfizer-BioNTech and mRNA-1273 by Moderna are the most commonly used vaccines to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Head-to-head comparison of the efficacy of these vaccines in immunocompromised patients is lacking.
Reduced Immune Response to Inactivated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine in a Cohort of Immunocompromised Patients in Chile
M Elvira Balcells, Nicole Le Corre, Josefina Durán, MarÃa Elena Ceballos, Cecilia Vizcaya, Sebastián Mondaca, MartÃn Dib, Ricardo Rabagliati, Mauricio Sarmiento, Paula I Burgos, Manuel Espinoza, Marcela Ferrés, Constanza Martinez-Valdebenito, Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle, Catalina Ortiz, Patricio Ross, Sigall Budnik, Sandra Solari, MarÃa de los Ã�ngeles Vizcaya, Hanns Lembach, Roslye Berrios-Rojas, Felipe Melo-González, Mariana RÃos, Alexis M Kalergis, Susan M Bueno, Bruno Nervi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac167
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e594–e602
Inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have been widely implemented in low- and middle-income countries. However, immunogenicity in immunocompromised patients has not been established. Herein, we aimed to evaluate immune response to CoronaVac vaccine in these patients.
The Effect of Gestational Age at BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination on Maternal and Neonatal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibody Levels
Amihai Rottenstreich, Gila Zarbiv, Esther Oiknine-Djian, Olesya Vorontsov, Roy Zigron, Geffen Kleinstern, Dana G Wolf, Shay Porat
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac135
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e603–e610
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy and early infancy can result in severe disease. Evaluating the effect of gestational age at the time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination on maternal antibody levels and transplacental antibody transfer has important implications for maternal care and vaccination strategies.
Inequities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination Rates Among Adolescents in Massachusetts: A Cross-sectional Study
David X Gao, Lloyd D Fisher, Donald R Miller, Alan C Geller
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac123
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e611–e616
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately affected more socioeconomically disadvantaged persons and areas. We sought to determine how certain sociodemographic factors were correlated to adolescents’ COVID-19 vaccination rates in towns and cities (“communities�) in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Real-World Effectiveness of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA Vaccines in Preventing Confirmed Infection in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
Adeel A Butt, Victor B Talisa, Peng Yan, Obaid S Shaikh, Saad B Omer, Florian B Mayr
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac118
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e617–e622
Persons on chronic hemodialysis have a significantly diminished humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Whether this translates to reduced vaccine effectiveness (VE) is unknown.
Comparative Effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines Against the Delta Variant
Malcolm Risk, Chen Shen, Salim S Hayek, Lynn Holevinski, Elena Schiopu, Gary Freed, Cem Akin, Lili Zhao
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac106
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e623–e629
There is a lack of data regarding how the Delta variant of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson–Janssen) vaccines at preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 hospitalization.
Prospective Evaluation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Responses Across a Broad Spectrum of Immunocompromising Conditions: the COVID-19 Vaccination in the Immunocompromised Study (COVICS)
Ghady Haidar, Mounzer Agha, Andrew Bilderback, Amy Lukanski, Kelsey Linstrum, Rachel Troyan, Scott Rothenberger, Deborah K McMahon, Melissa D Crandall, Michele D Sobolewksi, P Nathan Enick, Jana L Jacobs, Kevin Collins, Cynthia Klamar-Blain, Bernard J C Macatangay, Urvi M Parikh, Amy Heaps, Lindsay Coughenour, Marc B Schwartz, Jeffrey M Dueker, Fernanda P Silveira, Mary E Keebler, Abhinav Humar, James D Luketich, Matthew R Morrell, Joseph M Pilewski, John F McDyer, Bhanu Pappu, Robert L Ferris, Stanley M Marks, John Mahon, Katie Mulvey, Sundaram Hariharan, Glenn M Updike, Lorraine Brock, Robert Edwards, Richard H Beigi, Paula L Kip, Alan Wells, Tami Minnier, Derek C Angus, John W Mellors
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac103
Characteristics of Reported Deaths Among Fully Vaccinated Persons With Coronavirus Disease 2019—United States, January–April 2021
Louise K François Watkins, Kiren Mitruka, Layne Dorough, Sara S Bressler, Kiersten J Kugeler, Katrin S Sadigh, Meseret G Birhane, Leisha D Nolen, Marc Fischer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac066
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e645–e652
Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are highly efficacious, but severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections do occur after vaccination. We characterized COVID-19 cases among fully vaccinated persons with an outcome of death.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination Boosts Neutralizing Activity Against Seasonal Human Coronaviruses
Jan Lawrenz, Qinya Xie, Fabian Zech, Tatjana Weil, Alina Seidel, Daniela Krnavek, Lia van der Hoek, Jan Münch, Janis A Müller, Frank Kirchhoff
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac057
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e653–e661
Most of the millions of people that are vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have previously been infected by related circulating human coronaviruses (hCoVs) causing common colds and will experience further encounters with these viruses in the future. Whether COVID-19 vaccinations impact neutralization of seasonal coronaviruses is largely unknown.
Necessity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination in Persons Who Have Already Had COVID-19
Nabin K Shrestha, Patrick C Burke, Amy S Nowacki, Paul Terpeluk, Steven M Gordon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac022
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e662–e671
The aim was to evaluate the necessity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in persons with prior COVID-19.
Immunity Against the Omicron Variant From Vaccination, Recovery, or Both
Monica Gandhi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac172
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e672–e674
Incidence of Positive Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Polymerase Chain Reaction After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination With up to 8 Months of Follow-up: Real-life Data From the Capital Region of Denmark
Line Dam Heftdal, Martin Schultz, Theis Lange, Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen, Kamille Fogh, Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch, Christine Borgen Linander, Thomas Kallemose, Henning Bundgaard, Kirsten Grønbæk, Palle Valentiner-Branth, Kasper Iversen, Susanne Dam Nielsen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac012
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e675–e682
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are implemented worldwide in efforts to curb the pandemic. This study investigates the risk of a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test following BNT162b2 vaccination in a large real-life population in Denmark.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Breakthrough Infection and Post-Vaccination Neutralizing Antibodies Among Healthcare Workers in a Referral Hospital in Tokyo: A Case-Control Matching Study
Shohei Yamamoto, Kenji Maeda, Kouki Matsuda, Akihito Tanaka, Kumi Horii, Kaori Okudera, Junko S Takeuchi, Tetsuya Mizoue, Maki Konishi, Mitsuru Ozeki, Haruhito Sugiyama, Nobuyoshi Aoyanagi, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Wataru Sugiura, Norio Ohmagari
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1048
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e683–e691
While increasing coverage of effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emergent variants raise concerns about breakthrough infection. Data are limited, however, whether breakthrough infection during the epidemic of the variant is ascribed to insufficient vaccine-induced immunogenicity.
Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019: Where Do We Go From Here?
Kathleen M Neuzil
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac090
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e692–e694
Poor Antibody Response to BioNTech/Pfizer Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2–Naive Residents of Nursing Homes
Pieter Pannus, Kristof Y Neven, Stéphane De Craeye, Leo Heyndrickx, Sara Vande Kerckhove, Daphnée Georges, Johan Michiels, Antoine Francotte, Marc Van Den Bulcke, Maan Zrein, Steven Van Gucht, Marie Noëlle Schmickler, Mathieu Verbrugghe, André Matagne, Isabelle Thomas, Katelijne Dierick, Joshua A Weiner, Margaret E Ackerman, Stanislas Goriely, Maria E Goossens, Kevin K Ariën, Isabelle Desombere, Arnaud Marchant
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab998
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e695–e704
Residents of nursing homes (NHs) are at high risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related disease and death and may respond poorly to vaccination because of old age and frequent comorbid conditions.
Host Predictors of Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants of Concern Differ Between Infection and Vaccination
Li Tang, Sean Cherry, Elaine I Tuomanen, Ericka Kirkpatrick Roubidoux, Chun Yang Lin, Kim J Allison, Ashleigh Gowen, Pamela Freiden, E Kaitlynn Allen, Yin Su, Aditya H Gaur, Jeremie H Estepp, Maureen A McGargill, Florian Krammer, Paul G Thomas, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Joshua Wolf, St. Jude Investigative Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab996
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e705–e714
Following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination there is significant variability between individuals in protective antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2, and within individuals against different virus variants. However, host demographic or clinical characteristics that predict variability in cross-reactive antibody levels are not well-described. These data could inform clinicians, researchers, and policymakers on the populations most likely to require vaccine booster shots.
Infection With the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta Variant Is Associated With Higher Recovery of Infectious Virus Compared to the Alpha Variant in Both Unvaccinated and Vaccinated Individuals
Chun Huai Luo, C Paul Morris, Jaiprasath Sachithanandham, Adannaya Amadi, David C Gaston, Maggie Li, Nicholas J Swanson, Matthew Schwartz, Eili Y Klein, Andrew Pekosz, Heba H Mostafa
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab986
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e715–e725
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant of concern (VOC) B.1.617.2 (Delta) displaced B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and is associated with increases in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, greater transmissibility, and higher viral RNA loads, but data are lacking regarding the infectious virus load and antiviral antibody levels in the nasal tract.
Correlates of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Hesitancy Among People Who Inject Drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana Border Region
Steffanie A Strathdee, Daniela Abramovitz, Alicia Harvey-Vera, Carlos F Vera, Gudelia Rangel, Irina Artamonova, Thomas L Patterson, Rylie A Mitchell, Angela R Bazzi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab975
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e726–e733
People who inject drugs (PWID) are vulnerable to acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We examined correlates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy among PWID in the US-Mexico border region, of whom only 7.6% had received ≥ 1 COVID-19 vaccine dose by September 2021.
BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness Given Confirmed Exposure: Analysis of Household Members of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
Sivan Gazit, Barak Mizrahi, Nir Kalkstein, Ami Neuberger, Asaf Peretz, Miri Mizrahi-Reuveni, Amir Ben-Tov, Tal Patalon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab973
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e734–e740
Although BNT162b2 vaccine-efficacy analyses have been published, the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing coronavirus disease 2019 given confirmed exposure has not been previously demonstrated, even though it has policy implications, such as the need for self-quarantine when exposure has occurred.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination
Ermias D Belay, Shana Godfred Cato, Agam K Rao, Joseph Abrams, W Wyatt Wilson, Sarah Lim, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Michael Melgar, Jennifer DeCuir, Brandon Webb, Paige Marquez, John R Su, Lu Meng, Heather N Grome, Elizabeth Schlaudecker, Kawsar Talaat, Kathryn Edwards, Elizabeth Barnett, Angela P Campbell, Karen R Broder, Sapna Bamrah Morris
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab936
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e741–e748
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) was reported in association with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. MIS-A was included in the list of adverse events to be monitored as part of the emergency use authorizations issued for COVID-19 vaccines.
Myocarditis Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 mRNA Vaccine: A Case Series and Incidence Rate Determination
Yalile Perez, Emily R Levy, Avni Y Joshi, Abinash Virk, Martin Rodriguez-Porcel, Matthew Johnson, Daniel Roellinger, Greg Vanichkachorn, W Charles Huskins, Melanie D Swift
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab926
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e749–e754
Myocarditis following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) has been increasingly reported. Incidence rates in the general population are lacking, with pericarditis rather than myocarditis diagnostic codes being used to estimate background rates. This comparison is critical for balancing the risk of vaccination with the risk of no vaccination.
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Against Acquisition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Among Healthcare Workers in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Prospective Cohort Study
Khitam Muhsen, Nimrod Maimon, Ami Mizrahi, Omri Bodenheimer, Dani Cohen, Michal Maimon, Itamar Grotto, Ron Dagan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab918
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e755–e763
We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) of BNT162b2 mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) acquisition among healthcare workers (HCWs) of long-term care facilities (LTCFs).
Measuring Vaccine Efficacy Against Infection and Disease in Clinical Trials: Sources and Magnitude of Bias in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Efficacy Estimates
Lucy R Williams, Neil M Ferguson, Christl A Donnelly, Nicholas C Grassly
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab914
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e764–e773
Phase III trials have estimated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic and asymptomatic infection. We explore the direction and magnitude of potential biases in these estimates and their implications for vaccine protection against infection and against disease in breakthrough infections.
Clinical and Genomic Characterization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) Infections in mRNA Vaccinated Health Care Personnel in New York City
Elizabeth V Robilotti, Karissa Whiting, Anabella Lucca, Chester Poon, Rebecca Guest, Tracy McMillen, Krupa Jani, Alexander Solovyov, Suzanne Kelson, Kevin Browne, Scott Freeswick, Tobias M Hohl, Deborah Korenstein, Denis Ruchnewitz, Michael Lässig, Marta �uksza, Benjamin Greenbaum, Venkatraman E Seshan, N Esther Babady, Mini Kamboj
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab886
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e774–e782
Vaccine-induced clinical protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) variants is an evolving target. There are limited genomic level data on SARS CoV-2 breakthrough infections and vaccine effectiveness (VE) since the global spread of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Adenovirus Type-5–Vectored Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine With a Homologous Prime-Boost Regimen in Healthy Participants Aged ≥6 Years: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2b Trial
Fengcai Zhu, Pengfei Jin, Tao Zhu, Wenjuan Wang, Huayue Ye, Hongxing Pan, Lihua Hou, Jingxin Li, Xue Wang, Shipo Wu, Ying Wang, Jinbo Gou, Haitao Huang, Hongbin Wu, Xuewen Wang, Wei Chen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab845
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e783–e791
We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 (Ad5)–vectored coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine with homologous prime-boost regimens in healthy participants aged ≥6 years.
Safety and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine in a Subgroup of Healthy Adults in Chile
Susan M Bueno, Katia Abarca, Pablo A González, Nicolás M S Gálvez, Jorge A Soto, Luisa F Duarte, Bárbara M Schultz, Gaspar A Pacheco, Liliana A González, Yaneisi Vázquez, Mariana RÃos, Felipe Melo-González, Daniela Rivera-Pérez, Carolina Iturriaga, Marcela Urzúa, Angélica DomÃnguez, Catalina A Andrade, Roslye V BerrÃos-Rojas, Gisela Canedo-MarroquÃn, Camila Covián, Daniela Moreno-Tapia, Farides Saavedra, Omar P Vallejos, Paulina Donato, Pilar Espinoza, Daniela Fuentes, Marcela González, Paula Guzmán, Paula Muñoz Venturelli, Carlos M Pérez, Marcela Potin, Ã�lvaro Rojas, Rodrigo A Fasce, Jorge Fernández, Judith Mora, Eugenio RamÃrez, Aracelly Gaete-Argel, Aarón Oyarzún-Arrau, Fernando Valiente-EcheverrÃa, Ricardo Soto-Rifo, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Gang Zeng, Weining Meng, José V González-Aramundiz, Alexis M Kalergis CoronaVac03CL Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab823
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e792–e804
The development of effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 is a global priority. CoronaVac is an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine with promising safety and immunogenicity profiles. This article reports safety and immunogenicity results obtained for healthy Chilean adults aged ≥18 years in a phase 3 clinical trial.
Single-Dose Messenger RNA Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Healthcare Workers Extending 16 Weeks Postvaccination: A Test-Negative Design From Québec, Canada
Sara Carazo, Denis Talbot, Nicole Boulianne, Marc Brisson, Rodica Gilca, Geneviève Deceuninck, Nicholas Brousseau, Mélanie Drolet, Manale Ouakki, Chantal Sauvageau, Sapha Barkati, Élise Fortin, Alex Carignan, Philippe De Wals, Danuta M Skowronski, Gaston De Serres
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab739
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e805–e813
In Canada, first and second doses of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were uniquely spaced 16 weeks apart. We estimated 1- and 2-dose mRNA vaccine effectiveness (VE) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Québec, Canada, including protection against varying outcome severity, variants of concern (VOCs), and the stability of single-dose protection up to 16 weeks postvaccination.
Healthcare Personnel (HCP) Attitudes About Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination After Emergency Use Authorization
Jana Shaw, Samantha Hanley, Telisa Stewart, Daniel A Salmon, Christine Ortiz, Paula M Trief, Elizabeth Asiago Reddy, Christopher P Morley, Stephen J Thomas, Kathryn B Anderson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab731
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e814–e821
We previously reported on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination intent among healthcare personnel (HCP) before emergency use authorization. We found widespread hesitancy and a substantial proportion of HCP did not intend to vaccinate.
Neutralization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant by Sera From BNT162b2 or CoronaVac Vaccine Recipients
Lu Lu, Bobo Wing Yee Mok, Lin Lei Chen, Jacky Man Chun Chan, Owen Tak Yin Tsang, Bosco Hoi Shiu Lam, Vivien Wai Man Chuang, Allen Wing Ho Chu, Wan Mui Chan, Jonathan Daniel Ip, Brian Pui Chun Chan, Ruiqi Zhang, Cyril Chik Yan Yip, Vincent Chi Chung Cheng, Kwok Hung Chan, Dong Yan Jin, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung, Kwok Yung Yuen, Honglin Chen, Kelvin Kai Wang To
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1041
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e822–e826
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) omicron variant, designated as a variant of concern by the World Health Organization, carries numerous spike mutations that are known to evade neutralizing antibodies elicited by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. A deeper understanding of the susceptibility of omicron variant to vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies is urgently needed for risk assessment.
Neutralizing Antibody Response to Pseudotype Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Differs Between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines and by History of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Harmony L Tyner, Jefferey L Burgess, Lauren Grant, Manjusha Gaglani, Jennifer L Kuntz, Allison L Naleway, Natalie J Thornburg, Alberto J Caban-Martinez, Sarang K Yoon, Meghan K Herring, Shawn C Beitel, Lenee Blanton, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Matthew S Thiese, Jessica Flores Pleasants, Ashley L Fowlkes, Karen Lutrick, Kayan Dunnigan, Young M Yoo, Spencer Rose, Holly Groom, Jennifer Meece, Meredith G Wesley, Natasha Schaefer-Solle, Paola Louzado-Feliciano, Laura J Edwards, Lauren E W Olsho, Mark G Thompson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1038
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e827–e837
Data on the development of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are limited.
Effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines Among Incarcerated People in California State Prisons: Retrospective Cohort Study
Elizabeth T Chin, David Leidner, Yifan Zhang, Elizabeth Long, Lea Prince, Stephanie J Schrag, Jennifer R Verani, Ryan E Wiegand, Fernando Alarid-Escudero, Jeremy D Goldhaber-Fiebert, David M Studdert, Jason R Andrews, Joshua A Salomon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1032
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e838–e845
Prisons and jails are high-risk settings for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccines may substantially reduce these risks, but evidence is needed on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness for incarcerated people, who are confined in large, risky congregate settings.
Vaccination in Prisons and Jails: Corrections Needed in Future Plans
Anne C Spaulding, Chad Zawitz
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1031
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e846–e848
Rate and Risk Factors for Severe/Critical Disease Among Fully Vaccinated Persons With Breakthrough Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in a High-Risk National Population
Adeel A Butt, Peng Yan, Obaid S Shaikh, Florian B Mayr, Saad B Omer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1023
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e849–e856
Breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections after vaccination have been reported. Outcomes among persons with breakthrough infection are poorly understood.
Immunogenicity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection and Ad26.CoV2.S Vaccination in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Khadija Khan, Gila Lustig, Mallory Bernstein, Derseree Archary, Sandile Cele, Farina Karim, Muneerah Smith, Yashica Ganga, Zesuliwe Jule, Kajal Reedoy, Yoliswa Miya, Ntombifuthi Mthabela, Nombulelo P Magula, Richard Lessells, Tulio de Oliveira, Bernadett I Gosnell, Salim Abdool Karim, Nigel Garrett, Willem Hanekom, Linda-Gail Bekker, Glenda Gray, Jonathan M Blackburn, Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa, Alex Sigal, COMMIT-KZN Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1008
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e857–e864
People living with HIV (PLWH) have been reported to have a higher risk of more severe COVID-19 disease and death. We assessed the ability of the Ad26.CoV2.S vaccine to elicit neutralizing activity against the Delta variant in PLWH relative to HIV-negative individuals. We also examined effects of HIV status and suppression on Delta neutralization response in SARS-CoV-2—infected unvaccinated participants.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Adaptive Immunity in Nursing Home Residents Following a Third Dose of the Comirnaty Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine
Estela Giménez, Eliseo Albert, Joao Zulaica, Ignacio Torres, Luciana Rusu, Alicia RodrÃguez Moreno, Javier S Burgos, Salvador Peiró, Dolores Salas, Hermelinda Vanaclocha, Ramón Limón, MarÃa Jesús Alcaraz, José Sánchez-Payá, Javier DÃez-Domingo, Iñaki Comas, Fernando Gonzáles-Candelas, Ron Geller, David Navarro, Valencian Vaccine Research Program (ProVaVac) Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac223
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e865–e868
A third Comirnaty vaccine dose increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor-binding domain antibody levels (median, 93-fold) and neutralizing antibody titers against Wuhan-Hu-1 (median, 57-fold), Beta (me 22-fold), Delta, (median, 43-fold), and Omicron (median, 8-fold) variants, but had less impact on S-reactive T-cell immunity in nursing home residents.
Differential T-Cell Immunity to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in mRNA-1273– and BNT162b2-Vaccinated Individuals
Kathleen M E Gallagher, Mark B Leick, Rebecca C Larson, Trisha R Berger, Katelin Katsis, Jennifer Y Yam, Marcela V Maus
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac201
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e869–e873
COVID-19 breakthrough cases among vaccinated individuals demonstrate the value of measuring long-term immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. We demonstrate that anti-spike T-cell responses and IgG antibody levels are maintained but decrease over time and are lower in BNT162b2- versus mRNA-1273–vaccinated individuals. T-cell responses to the variants are relatively unaffected.
Validation of ISARIC 4C Mortality and Deterioration Scores in a Mixed Vaccination Status Cohort of Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in Singapore
Sean Wei Xiang Ong, Stephanie Sutjipto, Pei Hua Lee, Christopher Dugan, Bo Yan Khoo, Dongdong Ren, Barnaby Edward Young, David Chien Lye
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac087
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e874–e877
In this cross-sectional study, we studied performance of the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium mortality and deterioration scores in a cohort of 410 hospitalized patients (51.2% fully vaccinated). area under the receiver
Relating In Vitro Neutralization Level and Protection in the CVnCoV (CUREVAC) Trial
Deborah Cromer, Arnold Reynaldi, Megan Steain, James A Triccas, Miles P Davenport, David S Khoury
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac075
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e878–e879
The vaccine candidate CVnCoV (CUREVAC) showed surprisingly low efficacy in a recent phase 3 trial compared with other messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. Here we show that the low efficacy follows from the dose used and the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and is predicted by the neutralizing antibody response induced by the vaccine.
Modeling the Impact of Vaccination Strategies for Nursing Homes in the Context of Increased Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Community Transmission and Variants
Inga Holmdahl, Rebecca Kahn, Kara Jacobs Slifka, Kathleen Dooling, Rachel B Slayton
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac062
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e880–e883
Using an agent-based model, we examined the impact of community prevalence, the Delta variant, staff vaccination coverage, and booster vaccines for residents on outbreak dynamics in nursing homes. Increased staff coverage and high booster vaccine effectiveness leads to fewer infections, but cumulative incidence is highly dependent on community transmission.
Significant Reduction in Vaccine-Induced Antibody Levels and Neutralization Activity Among Healthcare Workers and Nursing Home Residents 6 Months Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination
David H Canaday, Oladayo A Oyebanji, Debbie Keresztesy, Michael Payne, Dennis Wilk, Lenore Carias, Htin Aung, Kerri St. Denis, Evan C Lam, Christopher F Rowley, Sarah D Berry, Cheryl M Cameron, Mark J Cameron, Brigid M Wilson, Alejandro B Balazs, Christopher L King, Stefan Gravenstein
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab963
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e884–e887
Antibody decline occurred from 2 weeks to 6 months post-BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in nursing home (NH) residents and healthcare workers. Antispike, receptor-binding domain, and neutralization levels dropped >81% irrespective of prior infection. Notably, 69% of infection-naive NH residents had neutralizing antibodies at or below the assay’s limit of detection.
A Higher Antibody Response Is Generated With a 6- to 7-Week (vs Standard) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccine Dosing Interval
Brian Grunau, Michael Asamoah-Boaheng, Pascal M Lavoie, Mohammad Ehsanul Karim, Tracy L Kirkham, Paul A Demers, Vilte Barakauskas, Ana Citlali Marquez, Agatha N Jassem, Sheila F O’Brien, Steven J Drews, Scott Haig, Sheldon Cheskes, David M Goldfarb
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab938
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e888–e891
The optimal dosing interval for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines remains controversial. In this prospective study, we compared serology results of paramedics vaccinated with mRNA vaccines at the recommended short (17–28 days) vs long (42–49 days) interval. We found that a long dosing interval resulted in higher spike, receptor binding domain, and spike N terminal domain antibody concentrations.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine-Breakthrough Infections Requiring Hospitalization in Mayo Clinic Florida Through August 2021
Wendelyn Bosch, Jennifer B Cowart, Shivang Bhakta, Rickey E Carter, Hani M Wadei, Sadia Z Shah, Devang K Sanghavi, Benjamin D Pollock, Matthew R Neville, Sven P Oman, Leigh Speicher, Ameya D Scindia, Mark W Matson, Pablo Moreno Franco
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab932
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e892–e894
We characterized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) breakthrough cases admitted to a single center in Florida. With the emergence of delta variant, an increased number of hospitalizations was seen due to breakthrough infections. These patients were older and more likely to have comorbidities. Preventive measures should be maintained even after vaccination.
Secondary Cases of Delta Variant Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Vaccinated Healthcare Workers With Breakthrough Infections is Rare
Sarah E Waldman, Tara Buehring, Daniel J Escobar, Shruti K Gohil, Ralph Gonzales, Susan S Huang, Keith Olenslager, Kavitha K Prabaker, Tessa Sandoval, Jennifer Yim, Deborah S Yokoe, Stuart H Cohen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab916
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e895–e897
In a retrospective, cohort study at 4 medical centers with high coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination rates, we evaluated breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Delta variant infections in vaccinated healthcare workers. Few work-related secondary cases were identified. Breakthrough cases were largely due to unmasked social activities outside of work.
mRNA Vaccine-Elicited Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–Specific T Cells Persist at 6 Months and Recognize the Delta Variant
Bezawit A Woldemeskel, Caroline C Garliss, Joel N Blankson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab915
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e898–e901
Little is known about the decay kinetics of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine–elicited severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–specific T cells. In this study we show a modest decline in the frequency of these T cells at 6 months and demonstrate robust expansion in response to antigen and recognition of spike peptides from the Delta variant.
The Impact of Prior Infection and Age on Antibody Persistence After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccine
Elizabeth Fraley, Cas LeMaster, Santosh Khanal, Dithi Banerjee, Tomi Pastinen, Elin Grundberg, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Todd Bradley
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab850
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e902–e904
Determining the duration of immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines is critical for informing the timing of booster immunization. Many genetic and environmental factors could influence both the magnitude and persistence of the antibody response. Here, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccination and age affected the decay of antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccines Associated With Delayed Onset of Breakthrough Infections and Fewer Radiographic Abnormalities
Xin Li, Jacky Man Chun Chan, Bosco Lam, David Christopher Lung, Kwok Cheung Lung, Christina Kin Yi Chow, Tracey Tam, Kelvin Hei Yeung Chiu, Ling Lung Hung, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung, Vincent Chi Chung Cheng, Kelvin Kai Wang To, Kwok Yung Yuen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1062
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e905–e908
This retrospective study of incoming travelers with coronavirus disease 2019 showed that individuals immunized by messenger RNA vaccines had significantly longer postvaccination intervals (median, 30.5 days) to breakthrough infection, lower white blood cell counts and lactate dehydrogenase levels on admission, and fewer radiographic abnormalities than those immunized by inactivated virus vaccine, who paradoxically had lower respiratory viral load.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta Outbreak Among Fully Vaccinated Nursing Home Residents Likely Initiated by a Fully Vaccinated Staff Member – Connecticut, July–August 2021
Stephen M Bart, Adora Harizaj, Claire L Pearson, Tiara Conteh, Erin Grogan, Randy Downing, Hannah L Kirking, Jacqueline E Tate, John A Jernigan, Vivian Leung
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1025
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e909–e911
During July–August 2021, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak involving 21 residents (all fully vaccinated) and 10 staff (9 fully vaccinated) occurred in a Connecticut nursing home. The outbreak was likely initiated by a fully vaccinated staff member and propagated by fully vaccinated persons. Prior COVID-19 was protective among vaccinated residents.
Hyperinflammatory Syndromes After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Messenger RNA vaccination in Individuals With Underlying Immune Dysregulation
Joseph M Rocco, Christina Mallarino-Haeger, Attiya H Randolph, Susan M Ray, Marcos C Schechter, Christa S Zerbe, Steven M Holland, Irini Sereti
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e912–e915
The development of effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines has been a significant accomplishment. Adverse events are extremely rare, but continued surveillance is important, especially in at-risk populations. In 5 patients with preexisting immune dysregulation, hyperinflammatory syndromes, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, developed after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Early recognition of this rare condition is essential.
Differences in Post-mRNA Vaccination Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Concentrations and Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Response by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Status and Type of Vaccine: A Matched Case-Control Observational Study
Matthew A Spinelli, Michael J Peluso, Kara L Lynch, Cassandra Yun, David V Glidden, Timothy J Henrich, Steven G Deeks, Monica Gandhi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1009
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e916–e919
Following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccination, people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLWH) had lower surrogate virus neutralization test response (PÂ =Â .03) and a trend toward lower immunoglobulin G (IgG) response (PÂ =Â .08), particularly among those with lower CD4+ T-cell counts and who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Study of the impact of supplemental vaccine doses among PLWH is needed.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccines in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity
Amy C Sherman, Michaël Desjardins, Chi An Cheng, Bruce Bausk, Natalie Izaguirre, Guohai Zhou, Jonathan Krauss, Nicole Tolan, David R Walt, Robert Soiffer, Vincent T Ho, Nicolas C Issa, Lindsey R Baden
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab930
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e920–e923
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger RNA vaccine–induced humoral response and reactogenicity profile are described in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Findings showed that 75.0% (by Simoa assay) or 80.0% (by Roche assay) of the HSCT cohort had a positive antibody response on series completion, compared with 100% in the healthy cohort.
Post-Vaccination Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibody Kinetics and Protection Duration
Chloé Dimeglio, Fabrice Herin, Isabelle Da-Silva, Marion Porcheron, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Sabine Chapuy-Regaud, Jacques Izopet
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab984
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e924–e925
Acute Myopericarditis Post–Intravenous Injection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccine Differs From Viral Myocarditis
Hernan Correa, Jonathan H Soslow, Jeffrey M Dendy, C Buddy Creech
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab980
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Page e926
Reply to Correa et al
Can Li, Anna J X Zhang, Kwok Yung Yuen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab981
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Page e927
Age-Related Changes in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Are Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection and Symptoms Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
Jillian H Hurst, Alexander W McCumber, Jhoanna N Aquino, Javier Rodriguez, Sarah M Heston, Debra J Lugo, Alexandre T Rotta, Nicholas A Turner, Trevor S Pfeiffer, Thaddeus C Gurley, M Anthony Moody, Thomas N Denny, John F Rawls, James S Clark, Christopher W Woods, Matthew S Kelly
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac184
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e928–e937
Children are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and typically have milder illness courses than adults, but the factors underlying these age-associated differences are not well understood. The upper respiratory microbiome undergoes substantial shifts during childhood and is increasingly recognized to influence host defense against respiratory pathogens. Thus, we sought to identify upper respiratory microbiome features associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and illness severity.
Efficacy of BCG Vaccination Against Respiratory Tract Infections in Older Adults During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Simone J C F M Moorlag, Esther Taks, Thijs ten Doesschate, Thomas W van der Vaart, Axel B Janssen, Lisa Müller, Philipp Ostermann, Helga Dijkstra, Heidi Lemmers, Elles Simonetti, Marc Mazur, Heiner Schaal, Rob ter Heine, Frank L van de Veerdonk, Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers, Reinout van Crevel, Jaap ten Oever, Marien I de Jonge, Marc J Bonten, Cornelis H van Werkhoven, Mihai G Netea
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac182
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e938–e946
Older age is associated with increased severity and death from respiratory infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The tuberculosis BCG vaccine may provide heterologous protection against nontuberculous infections and has been proposed as a potential preventive strategy against COVID-19.
Impact of Multicomponent Support Strategies on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Virologic Suppression Rates During Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Matthew A Spinelli, Noelle Le Tourneau, David V Glidden, Ling Hsu, Matthew D Hickey, Elizabeth Imbert, Mireya Arreguin, Jennifer P Jain, Jon J Oskarsson, Susan P Buchbinder, Mallory O Johnson, Diane Havlir, Katerina A Christopoulos, Monica Gandhi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac179
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e947–e954
After coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shelter-in-place (SIP) orders, viral suppression (VS) rates initially decreased within a safety-net human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic in San Francisco, particularly among people living with HIV (PLWH) who are experiencing homelessness. We sought to determine if proactive outreach to provide social services, scaling up of in-person visits, and expansion of housing programs could reverse this decline.
Sustained Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Initiations in the United States
Martin Hoenigl, Daniela Abramovitz, Ricardo E Flores Ortega, Natasha K Martin, Nancy Reau
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac175
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e955–e961
Recent reports indicated declines in hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing during the first half of 2020 in the United States due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the longer-term impact on HCV testing and treatment is unclear.
Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in England: Longitudinal Analysis and Cross-Sectional Comparison With Controls
Frank G Sandmann, Elise Tessier, Joanne Lacy, Meaghan Kall, Edwin Van Leeuwen, Andre Charlett, Rosalind M Eggo, Gavin Dabrera, W John Edmunds, Mary Ramsay, Helen Campbell, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Mark Jit
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac151
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e962–e973
We aimed to quantify the unknown losses in health-related quality of life of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases using quality-adjusted lifedays (QALDs) and the recommended EQ-5D instrument in England.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection by Intranasal or Intratesticular Route Induces Testicular Damage
Can Li, Zhanhong Ye, Anna Jin Xia Zhang, Jasper Fuk Woo Chan, Wenchen Song, Feifei Liu, Yanxia Chen, Mike Yat Wah Kwan, Andrew Chak Yiu Lee, Yan Zhao, Bosco Ho Yin Wong, Cyril Chik Yan Yip, Jian Piao Cai, David Christopher Lung, Siddharth Sridhar, Dongyan Jin, Hin Chu, Kelvin Kai Wang To, Kwok Yung Yuen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac142
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e974–e990
The role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the pathogenesis of testicular damage is uncertain.
The International Sexual Health And REproductive Health during COVID-19 (I-SHARE) Study: A Multicountry Analysis of Adults from 30 Countries Prior to and During the Initial Coronavirus Disease 2019 Wave
Jennifer Toller Erausquin, Rayner K J Tan, Maximiliane Uhlich, Joel M Francis, Navin Kumar, Linda Campbell, Wei Hong Zhang, Takhona G Hlatshwako, Priya Kosana, Sonam Shah, Erica M Brenner, Lore Remmerie, Aamirah Mussa, Katerina Klapilova, Kristen Mark, Gabriela Perotta, Amanda Gabster, Edwin Wouters, Sharyn Burns, Jacqueline Hendriks, Devon J Hensel, Simukai Shamu, Jenna Marie Strizzi, Tammary Esho, Chelsea Morroni, Stefano Eleuteri, Norhafiza Sahril, Wah Yun Low, Leona Plasilova, Gunta Lazdane, Michael Marks, Adesola Olumide, Amr Abdelhamed, Alejandra López Gómez, Kristien Michielsen, Caroline Moreau, Joseph D Tucker, International Sexual Health And REproductive Health during COVID-19 Research Consortium
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac102
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e991–e999
There is limited evidence to date about changes to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) during the initial wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To address this gap, our team organized a multicountry, cross-sectional online survey as part of a global consortium.
Direct and Indirect Effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Private Healthcare Utilization in South Africa, March 2020–September 2021
Amanda C Perofsky, Stefano Tempia, Jeremy Bingham, Caroline Maslo, Mande Toubkin, Anchen Laubscher, Sibongile Walaza, Juliet R C Pulliam, Cécile Viboud, Cheryl Cohen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac055
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1000–e1010
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused severe disruptions to healthcare in many areas of the world, but data remain scarce for sub-Saharan Africa.
Symptoms Compatible With Long Coronavirus Disease (COVID) in Healthcare Workers With and Without Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection—Results of a Prospective Multicenter Cohort
Carol Strahm, Marco Seneghini, Sabine Güsewell, Thomas Egger, Onicio Leal-Neto, Angela Brucher, Eva Lemmenmeier, Dorette Meier Kleeb, J Carsten Möller, Philip Rieder, Markus Ruetti, Remus Rutz, Hans Ruedi Schmid, Reto Stocker, Danielle Vuichard-Gysin, Benedikt Wiggli, Ulrike Besold, Stefan P Kuster, Allison McGeer, Lorenz Risch, Andrée Friedl, Matthias Schlegel, Dagmar Schmid, Pietro Vernazza, Christian R Kahlert, Philipp Kohler
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac054
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1011–e1019
The burden of long-term symptoms (ie, long COVID) in patients after mild COVID-19 is debated. Within a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs), frequency and risk factors for symptoms compatible with long COVID are assessed.
Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Prescriptions in the United States—A Time-Series Analysis
Ya Lin A Huang, Weiming Zhu, Jeffrey Wiener, Athena P Kourtis, H Irene Hall, Karen W Hoover
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac038
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1020–e1027
Uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been increasing in the United States since its FDA approval in 2012; however, the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected this trend. Our objective was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on PrEP prescriptions in the United States.
Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Virus in Symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outpatients: Host, Disease, and Viral Correlates
Katie R Mollan, Joseph J Eron, Taylor J Krajewski, Wendy Painter, Elizabeth R Duke, Caryn G Morse, Erin A Goecker, Lakshmanane Premkumar, Cameron R Wolfe, Laura J Szewczyk, Paul L Alabanza, Amy James Loftis, Emily J Degli-Angeli, Ariane J Brown, Joan A Dragavon, John J Won, Jessica Keys, Michael G Hudgens, Lei Fang, David A Wohl, Myron S Cohen, Ralph S Baric, Robert W Coombs, Timothy P Sheahan, William A Fischer, II
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab968
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1028–e1036
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectious virus isolation in outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with viral RNA levels and symptom duration, little is known about the host, disease, and viral determinants of infectious virus detection.
Robust T-Cell Responses in Anti-CD20-Treated Patients Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study
Natacha Madelon, Kim Lauper, Gautier Breville, Irène Sabater Royo, Rachel Goldstein, Diego O Andrey, Alba Grifoni, Alessandro Sette, Laurent Kaiser, Claire Anne Siegrist, Axel Finckh, Patrice H Lalive, Arnaud M Didierlaurent, Christiane S Eberhardt
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab954
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1037–e1045
Patients treated with anti-CD20 therapy are particularly at risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, little is known regarding COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in this population.
Effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Services: Findings from 11 Sub-Saharan African Countries
Tiffany G Harris, Edward Jaszi, Matthew R Lamb, Carlos A Laudari, Maria Lúcia Mendes Furtado, Bonaparte Nijirazana, Ndayizeye Aimé, Gabriel Loni Ekali, Lifanda Ebiama Lifanda, Hermann Brou, Eboi Ehui, Faustin Malele Bazola, Aimé Mboyo, Ruben Sahabo, Nkhosikhona Advocate Dlamini, Zenebe Melaku, Mirtie Getachew Meselu, Mark Hawken, Catherine Ngugi, Mirriah Vitale, Munira Abubakar Bin Abudou, Florence Bayoa, Victoria Achut, Prisca Kasonde, Paul Munsanje, Wafaa M El-Sadr
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab951
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1046–e1053
Due to concerns about the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 pandemic on health services, we examined its effects on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services in sub-Saharan Africa.
Broad Impacts of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Acute Respiratory Infections in China: An Observational Study
Zhong Jie Li, Lin Jie Yu, Hai Yang Zhang, Chun Xi Shan, Qing Bin Lu, Xiao Ai Zhang, Xiang Ren, Cui Hong Zhang, Yi Fei Wang, Sheng Hong Lin, Qiang Xu, Bao Gui Jiang, Tao Jiang, Chen Long Lv, Jin Jin Chen, George F Gao, Wei Zhong Yang, Li Ping Wang, Yang Yang, Li Qun Fang, Wei Liu, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Etiology Surveillance Study Team of Acute Respiratory Infections
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab942
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1054–e1062
To combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented worldwide, which impacted a broad spectrum of acute respiratory infections (ARIs).
Severe Dysbiosis and Specific Haemophilus and Neisseria Signatures as Hallmarks of the Oropharyngeal Microbiome in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients
Juliana de Castilhos, Eli Zamir, Theresa Hippchen, Roman Rohrbach, Sabine Schmidt, Silvana Hengler, Hanna Schumacher, Melanie Neubauer, Sabrina Kunz, Tonia Müller-Esch, Andreas Hiergeist, André Gessner, Dina Khalid, Rogier Gaiser, Nyssa Cullin, Stamatia M Papagiannarou, Bettina Beuthien-Baumann, Alwin Krämer, Ralf Bartenschlager, Dirk Jäger, Michael Müller, Felix Herth, Daniel Duerschmied, Jochen Schneider, Roland M Schmid, Johann F Eberhardt, Yascha Khodamoradi, Maria J G T Vehreschild, Andreas Teufel, Matthias P Ebert, Peter Hau, Bernd Salzberger, Paul Schnitzler, Hendrik Poeck, Eran Elinav, Uta Merle, Christoph K Stein-Thoeringer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab902
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1063–e1071
At the entry site of respiratory virus infections, the oropharyngeal microbiome has been proposed as a major hub integrating viral and host immune signals. Early studies suggested that infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are associated with changes of the upper and lower airway microbiome, and that specific microbial signatures may predict coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. However, the results are not conclusive, as critical illness can drastically alter a patient’s microbiome through multiple confounders.
One-Year Sustained Cellular and Humoral Immunities in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Convalescents
Jie Zhang, Hao Lin, Beiwei Ye, Min Zhao, Jianbo Zhan, Shaobo Dong, Yaxin Guo, Yingze Zhao, Min Li, Sai Liu, Hangjie Zhang, Wenling Xiao, Yuanyuan Guo, Can Yue, Danni Zhang, Mengjie Yang, Jing Zhang, Chuansong Quan, Weifeng Shi, Xinxue Liu, Peipei Liu, Yongzhong Jiang, Guizhen Wu, George F Gao, William J Liu
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab884
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1072–e1081
The longitudinal antigen-specific immunity in COVID-19 convalescents is crucial for long-term protection upon individual re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and even more pivotal for ultimately achieving population-level immunity. We conducted this cohort study to better understand the features of immune memory in individuals with different disease severities at 1 year post–disease onset.
Changing Patterns of Bloodstream Infections in the Community and Acute Care Across 2 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic Waves: A Retrospective Analysis Using Data Linkage
Nina J Zhu, Timothy M Rawson, Siddharth Mookerjee, James R Price, Frances Davies, Jonathan Otter, Paul Aylin, Russell Hope, Mark Gilchrist, Yeeshika Shersing, Alison Holmes
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab869
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1082–e1091
We examined community- and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non–COVID-19 patients across 2 epidemic waves.
Congenital Infection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 With Intrauterine Fetal Death: A Clinicopathological Study With Molecular Analysis
Emmanuelle Lesieur, Julia Torrents, Frédéric Fina, Christine Zandotti, Julie Blanc, Sophie Collardeau-Frachon, Céline Gazin, Delphine Sirgant, Soraya Mezouar, Myriem Otmani Idrissi, Hubert Lepidi, Florence Bretelle, Jean Louis Mege, Laurent Daniel, Radia Fritih
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab840
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1092–e1100
Observations of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from mother to fetus have recently been described in the literature. However, the consequences of such transmission, whether fetal or neonatal, are poorly understood.
Low Environmental Temperature Exacerbates Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Golden Syrian Hamsters
Jasper Fuk Woo Chan, Vincent Kwok Man Poon, Chris Chung Sing Chan, Kenn Ka Heng Chik, Jessica Oi Ling Tsang, Zijiao Zou, Chris Chun Yiu Chan, Andrew Chak Yiu Lee, Can Li, Ronghui Liang, Jianli Cao, Kaiming Tang, Terrence Tsz Tai Yuen, Bingjie Hu, Xiner Huang, Yue Chai, Huiping Shuai, Cuiting Luo, Jian Piao Cai, Kwok Hung Chan, Siddharth Sridhar, Feifei Yin, Kin Hang Kok, Hin Chu, Anna Jinxia Zhang, Shuofeng Yuan, Kwok Yung Yuen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab817
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1101–e1111
The effect of low environmental temperature on viral shedding and disease severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is uncertain.
Projected Long-Term Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Hepatitis C Outcomes in the United States: A Modeling Study
Joshua A Barocas, Alexandra Savinkina, Sara Lodi, Rachel L Epstein, Tara C Bouton, Heather Sperring, Heather E Hsu, Karen R Jacobson, Elissa M Schechter-Perkins, Benjamin P Linas, Laura F White
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab779
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1112–e1119
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted access to and uptake of hepatitis C virus (HCV) care services in the United States. It is unknown how substantially the pandemic will impact long-term HCV-related outcomes.
Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory System Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Alpha Variant (B.1.1.7) in England
Daniel J Grint, Kevin Wing, Catherine Houlihan, Hamish P Gibbs, Stephen J W Evans, Elizabeth Williamson, Helen I McDonald, Krishnan Bhaskaran, David Evans, Alex J Walker, George Hickman, Emily Nightingale, Anna Schultze, Christopher T Rentsch, Chris Bates, Jonathan Cockburn, Helen J Curtis, Caroline E Morton, Sebastian Bacon, Simon Davy, Angel Y S Wong, Amir Mehrkar, Laurie Tomlinson, Ian J Douglas, Rohini Mathur, Brian MacKenna, Peter Ingelsby, Richard Croker, John Parry, Frank Hester, Sam Harper, Nicholas J DeVito, Will Hulme, John Tazare, Liam Smeeth, Ben Goldacre, Rosalind M Eggo
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab754
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1120–e1127
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) alpha variant (B.1.1.7) is associated with higher transmissibility than wild-type virus, becoming the dominant variant in England by January 2021. We aimed to describe the severity of the alpha variant in terms of the pathway of disease from testing positive to hospital admission and death.
Clinical and Virological Features of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants of Concern: A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), and B.1.617.2 (Delta)
Sean Wei Xiang Ong, Calvin J Chiew, Li Wei Ang, Tze Minn Mak, Lin Cui, Matthias Paul H S Toh, Yi Ding Lim, Pei Hua Lee, Tau Hong Lee, Po Ying Chia, Sebastian Maurer-Stroh, Raymond T P Lin, Yee Sin Leo, Vernon J Lee, David Chien Lye, Barnaby Edward Young
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab721
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1128–e1136
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) on disease severity is unclear. In this retrospective study, we compared the outcomes of patients infected with B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.617.2 with wild-type strains from early 2020.
Sexually Transmitted Infection Transmission Dynamics During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Among Urban Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men
Christina M Schumacher, Nicole Thornton, Jessica Wagner, Carla Tilchin, Khalil G Ghanem, Matthew M Hamill, Carl Latkin, Anne Rompalo, Sebastian Ruhs, Adena Greenbaum, Jacky M Jennings
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1053
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1137–e1144
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation measures on sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission and racial disparities remains unknown. Our objectives were to compare sex and drug risk behaviors, access to sexual health services, and STI positivity overall and by race during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with pre-pandemic among urban sexual minority men (MSM).
Potential Effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Transmission: A Modeling Study in 32 US Cities
Anthony Fojo, Emma Wallengren, Melissa Schnure, David W Dowdy, Maunank Shah, Parastu Kasaie
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1029
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1145–e1153
The degree to which the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic will affect the US human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is unclear.
Decline in Pneumococcal Disease in Young Children During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Israel Associated With Suppression of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses, Despite Persistent Pneumococcal Carriage: A Prospective Cohort Study
Dana Danino, Shalom Ben-Shimol, Bart Adriaan van der Beek, Noga Givon-Lavi, Yonat Shemer Avni, David Greenberg, Daniel M Weinberger, Ron Dagan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1014
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1154–e1164
The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies hypothesized that this was due to reduced pneumococcal transmission resulting from nonpharmaceutical interventions. We used multiple ongoing cohort surveillance projects in children <5 years to test this hypothesis.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children—United States, February 2020–July 2021
Allison D Miller, Laura D Zambrano, Anna R Yousaf, Joseph Y Abrams, Lu Meng, Michael J Wu, Michael Melgar, Matthew E Oster, Shana E Godfred Cato, Ermias D Belay, Angela P Campbell, MIS-C Surveillance Authorship Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1007
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1165–e1175
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe hyperinflammatory condition in persons aged <21 years associated with antecedent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Our objective was to describe MIS-C cases reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) national surveillance since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Placental Infection Is Associated With Massive Perivillous Fibrin Deposition at the Maternal-Fetal Interface: A Preliminary Study
Esin Kotiloglu-Karaa, Beatrix Kele, Raghavendran Kulasegaran-Shylini, Claire E Broad, Dola Owoyemi, Joanne Martin, Graham MacPhail, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Anna Riddell, Eliza Alexander, Teresa Cutino-Moguel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac173
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1176–e1179
We observed an increased frequency of massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MPFD) during the second coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave dominated by the Alpha variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). MPFD associated with 100% reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity for SARS-CoV-2 and detection by immunohistochemistry. The Alpha variant was identified in all placentas with MPFD that could be sequenced.
Self-Assessed Severity as a Determinant of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptom Specificity: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Anna Bershteyn, Angela M Dahl, Tracy Q Dong, Meagan E Deming, Connie L Celum, Helen Y Chu, Angelica C Kottkamp, Alexander L Greninger, Risa M Hoffman, Keith R Jerome, Christine M Johnston, Patricia J Kissinger, Raphael J Landovitz, Miriam K Laufer, Alfred Luk, Kathleen M Neuzil, Michael K Paasche-Orlow, Robert A Pitts, Mark D Schwartz, Helen C Stankiewicz Karita, Lorna E Thorpe, Anna Wald, Crystal Y Zheng, Mark H Wener, Ruanne V Barnabas, Elizabeth R Brown
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac129
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1180–e1183
Coronavirus disease 2019 symptom definitions rarely include symptom severity. We collected daily nasal swab samples and symptom diaries from contacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) case patients. Requiring ≥1 moderate or severe symptom reduced sensitivity to predict SARS-CoV-2 shedding from 60.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.9%−66.7%) to 31.5% (95% CI, 25.7%− 38.0%) but increased specificity from 77.5% (95% CI, 75.3%−79.5%) to 93.8% (95% CI, 92.7%−94.8%).
Isolation of a Novel Recombinant Canine Coronavirus From a Visitor to Haiti: Further Evidence of Transmission of Coronaviruses of Zoonotic Origin to Humans
John A Lednicky, Massimiliano S Tagliamonte, Sarah K White, Gabriela M Blohm, Md Mahbubul Alam, Nicole M Iovine, Marco Salemi, Carla Mavian, J Glenn Morris, Jr
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab924
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1184–e1187
We isolated a novel coronavirus from a medical team member presenting with fever and malaise after travel to Haiti. The virus showed 99.4% similarity with a recombinant canine coronavirus recently identified in a pneumonia patient in Malaysia, suggesting that infection with this virus and/or recombinant variants occurs in multiple locations.
Severity, Criticality, and Fatality of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Beta Variant
Laith J Abu-Raddad, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H Ayoub, Hadi M Yassine, Fatiha M Benslimane, Hebah A Al Khatib, Patrick Tang, Mohammad R Hasan, Peter Coyle, Sawsan AlMukdad, Zaina Al Kanaani, Einas Al Kuwari, Andrew Jeremijenko, Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal, Ali Nizar Latif, Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik, Hanan F Abdul Rahim, Gheyath K Nasrallah, Mohamed Ghaith Al Kuwari, Adeel A Butt, Hamad Eid Al Romaihi, Mohamed H Al-Thani, Abdullatif Al Khal, Roberto Bertollini
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab909
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1188–e1191
Beta (B.1.351)–variant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease was investigated in Qatar. Compared with the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant, odds (95% confidence interval) of progressing to severe disease, critical disease, and COVID-19–related death were 1.24-fold (1.11–1.39), 1.49-fold (1.13–1.97), and 1.57-fold (1.03–2.43) higher, respectively, for the Beta variant.
Temporal Dynamics of Anti–Type 1 Interferon Autoantibodies in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Elana R Shaw, Lindsey B Rosen, Aristine Cheng, Kerry Dobbs, Ottavia M Delmonte, Elise M N Ferré, Monica M Schmitt, Luisa Imberti, Virginia Quaresima, Michail S Lionakis, Luigi D Notarangelo, Steven M Holland, Helen C Su
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1002
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1192–e1194
Binding levels and neutralization activity of anti–type 1 interferon autoantibodies peaked during acute coronavirus disease 2019 and markedly decreased thereafter. Most patients maintained some ability to neutralize type 1 interferon into convalescence despite lower levels of binding immunoglobulin G. Identifying these autoantibodies in healthy individuals before the development of critical viral disease may be challenging.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Dose, Infection, and Disease Outcomes for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review
Lisa M Brosseau, Kevin Escandón, Angela K Ulrich, Angela L Rasmussen, Chad J Roy, Gregory J Bix, Saskia V Popescu, Kristine A Moore, Michael T Osterholm
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab903
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1195–e1201
The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dose, infection, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes remains poorly understood. This review summarizes the existing literature regarding this issue, identifies gaps in current knowledge, and suggests opportunities for future research.
Reductions in Antibiotic Prescribing in Australia During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic: National Prescribing DataÂ
Jack Skeggs, Aleece MacPhail, Tony Korman, Ian Woolley, Jillian S Y Lau
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac277
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1202–e1203
Recommendation to Take a Holistic View of the Dynamic Pathogenic Pneumococcal Environment
Patricia Izurieta, Mohammad AbdelGhany, Janine Paynter, Helen Petousis-Harris
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac188
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1204–e1205,
Reply to Izurieta et al
Andrew Anglemyer, Andrea McNeill, Kara DuBray, Gerard J Sonder, Tony Walls
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac189
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1206–e1207
Are Patients Exhibiting Post-Coronavirus Disease (COVID) Symptoms at 12 months the Same at 5 or 9 Months? The Fluctuating Nature of Post-COVID
César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac007
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Page e1208
Reply to Fernández-de-las-Peñas
Jessica Seessle, Tim Waterboer, Cora Freund, Barbara Müller, Uta Merle
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac008
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1209–e1210
Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence Among US Children Aged 1 to 5 Years: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2017–March 2020 Pre-Pandemic Dataset
Tatiana M Lanzieri, Deanna Kruszon-Moran, Sheila C Dollard
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab947
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 July 2022, Pages e1211–e1212
