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Some Thoughts From the New Editor-In-Chief
Jacobson, Brian C. MD, MPH1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000358
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00358
Histologic Study of the Esophagogastric Junction of Organ Donors Reveals Novel Glandular Structures in Normal Esophageal and Gastric Mucosae
Odze, Robert MD1; Spechler, Stuart J. MD2; Podgaetz, Eitan MD3; Nguyen, Anh MD2; Konda, Vani MD2; Souza, Rhonda F. MD2
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000346
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00346
Whether cardiac mucosa at the esophagogastric junction is normal or metaplastic is controversial. Studies attempting to resolve this issue have been limited by the use of superficial pinch biopsies, abnormal esophagi resected typically because of cancer, or autopsy specimens in which tissue autolysis in the stomach obscures histologic findings.
Burden of Ionizing Radiation in the Diagnosis and Management of Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Thiruvengadam, Nikhil R. MD1,2,3; Miranda, Janille BS3; Kim, Christopher MD4; Behr, Spencer MD4; Corvera, Carlos MD5; Dai, Sun-Chuan MD3; Kirkwood, Kimberly MD5; Harris, Hobart W. MD, MPH5; Hirose, Kenzo MD5; Nakakura, Eric MD5; Ostroff, James W. MD3; Kochman, Michael L. MD1,2; Arain, Mustafa A. MD3
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000347
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00347
A step-up endoscopic or percutaneous approach improves outcomes in necrotizing pancreatitis (NP). However, these require multiple radiographic studies and fluoroscopic procedures, which use low-dose ionizing radiation. The cumulative radiation exposure for treatment of NP has not been well defined.
A Novel 5-Cytokine Panel Outperforms Conventional Predictive Markers of Persistent Organ Failure in Acute Pancreatitis
Langmead, Christopher PhD1; Lee, Peter J. MBChB2; Paragomi, Pedram MD3; Greer, Phil PhD3; Stello, Kim RN3; Hart, Phil A. MD4; Whitcomb, David C. MD, PhD3,5; Papachristou, Georgios I. MD, PhD3,4
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000351
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00351
Existing laboratory markers and clinical scoring systems have shown suboptimal accuracies for early prediction of persistent organ failure (POF) in acute pancreatitis (AP). We used information theory and machine learning to select the best-performing panel of circulating cytokines for predicting POF early in the disease course and performed verification of the cytokine panel's prognostic accuracy in an independent AP cohort.
Small Annexin V–Positive Platelet-Derived Microvesicles Affect Prognosis in Cirrhosis: A Longitudinal Study
Weil, Delphine MD, PhD1,2; Di Martino, Vincent MD, PhD1,2; Mourey, Guillaume MD3; Biichle, Sabeha BSc3; Renaudin, Adeline BSc3; Laheurte, Caroline PhD3; Cypriani, Benoit MD4; Delabrousse, Eric MD, PhD5; Grandclément, Emilie MD4; Thévenot, Thierry MD, PhD1,2; Saas, Philippe PD, PhD3; and the MICROCIR Study Group
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000333
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00333
Microvesicles (MVs) with procoagulant properties may favor liver parenchymal extinction, then cirrhosis-related complications and mortality. In a longitudinal cohort of cirrhotic patients, we measured plasma levels of platelet-derived MVs (PMVs), endothelial-derived MVs, and red blood cell–derived MVs, expressing phosphatidylserine (annexin V–positive [AV+]) or not, and evaluated their impact on Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and transplant-free survival.
Urinary NGAL as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhosis: A Prospective Study
Allegretti, Andrew S. MD, MSc1; Parada, Xavier Vela MD1; Endres, Paul BA1; Zhao, Sophia MD, PhD1; Krinsky, Scott BA1; St. Hillien, Shelsea A. MD1; Kalim, Sahir MD, MMSc1; Nigwekar, Sagar U. MD, MMSc1; Flood, James G. MD2; Nixon, Andrea BA2; Simonetto, Douglas A. MD3; Juncos, Luis A. MD4; Karakala, Nithin MD4; Wadei, Hani M. MD5; Regner, Kevin R. MD, MS6; Belcher, Justin M. MD, MSc7; Nadim, Mitra K. MD8; Garcia-Tsao, Guadalupe MD9; Velez, Juan Carlos Q. MD10; Parikh, Samir M. MD11; Chung, Raymond T. MD12, on behalf of the HRS-HARMONY study investigators
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000359
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00359
Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has shown promise in differentiating acute tubular necrosis (ATN) from other types of acute kidney injuries (AKIs) in cirrhosis, particularly hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). However, NGAL is not currently available in clinical practice in North America.
Identification of a Latitude Gradient in the Prevalence of Primary Biliary Cholangitis
French, Janine MBBS1; Simpson-Yap, Steve BA, MPH, PhD2,3; van der Mei, Ingrid BSc, MSc, PhD3; Ng, Justin MBBS1; Angus, Peter MBBS, MD1; Gow, Paul J. MBBS, MD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000357
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00357
The prevalence of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) reported in different countries varies significantly and seems to have a latitudinal gradient with the highest prevalence reported in higher latitudes, as has been observed with other autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to determine whether there is a latitudinal gradient of PBC prevalence in Australia using 2 methods of case ascertainment.
Accuracy and Safety of 1,055 Transjugular Liver Biopsies in Postliver Transplant Patients
Lee, Edward Wolfgang MD, PhD, FSIR1,2; Sue, Megan J. MD1; Saab, Sammy MD, MPH, AGAF3; DiNorcia, Joseph III MD2; McWilliams, Justin P. MD, FSIR1; Kaldas, Fady MD2; Ding, Peng-xu MD, PhD1; Padia, Siddharth A. MD1; Agopian, Vatche MD2; Farmer, Douglas MD2; Busuttil, Ronald W. MD, PhD2
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000355
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00355
The purpose of this study was to investigate the rates of complications and diagnostic yield of transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) in deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) recipients.
Colonoscopy Versus Fecal Immunochemical Test for Reducing Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case–Control Study
Kim, Su Young MD, PhD1; Kim, Hyun-Soo MD, PhD1; Kim, Yun Tae MS2; Lee, Jung Kuk MS2; Park, Hong Jun MD, PhD1; Kim, Hee Man MD, PhD1; Kang, Dae Ryoung MD, PhD2
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000350
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00350
Use of colonoscopy or the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention is supported by previous studies. However, there is little specific evidence regarding comparative effectiveness of colonoscopy or FIT for reducing CRC risk. In this study, we compared the association of CRC risk with colonoscopy and FIT using a nationwide database.
Effects of Screenings in Reducing Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Differ by Polygenic Risk Scores
Choi, Jungyoon MD, PhD1; Jia, Guochong MPH1; Wen, Wanqing MD1; Long, Jirong PhD1; Shu, Xiao-Ou MD, PhD, MPH1; Zheng, Wei MD, PhD, MPH1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000344
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00344
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening reduces CRC incidence and mortality. However, it is unclear whether the reduction in CRC risk may differ by genetic susceptibility.
Liquid Biopsy for Colorectal Adenoma: Is the Exosomal miRNA Derived From Organoid a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker?
Handa, Tomoyuki MD1; Kuroha, Masatake MD, PhD1; Nagai, Hiroshi MD, PhD2; Shimoyama, Yusuke MD, PhD1; Naito, Takeo MD, PhD1; Moroi, Rintaro MD, PhD1; Kanazawa, Yoshitake MD, PhD1; Shiga, Hisashi MD, PhD1; Kakuta, Yoichi MD, PhD1; Kinouchi, Yoshitaka MD, PhD3; Masamune, Atsushi MD, PhD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000356
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00356
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as tumor biomarkers; however, their role in evaluating colorectal adenoma (CRA) is unclear. Recently, the organoid culture system enabled long-term expansion of human colon epithelium. This study aimed to examine the potential of exosomal miRNAs extracted from CRA organoids as biomarkers in the clinical liquid biopsy CRA test.
Colon Crypts of Subjects With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Show an Increased Number of LGR5+ Ectopic Stem Cells
Jennelle, Lucas T. PhD1; Dampier, Christopher H. MD1,2; Tring, Stephanie BS3; Powell, Steven MD4; Casey, Graham PhD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000353
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00353
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome characterized by accelerated adenoma development due to inherited (or de novo) mutations in the APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway (APC) gene. The mechanism underlying this accelerated polyp development in subjects with FAP has not been defined. Given that LGR5+ stem cells drive crypt cell proliferation, we hypothesized that FAP crypts would demonstrate aberrant leucine-rich repeat–containing G-protein–coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) staining patterns.
Multitarget Stool RNA Test for Noninvasive Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia in a Multicenter, Prospective, and Retrospective Cohort
Barnell, Erica K. PhD1,2; Kang, Yiming PhD1; Barnell, Andrew R. MBA1; Kruse, Kimberly R. MS1; Fiske, Jared BS1; Pittz, Zachary R. BS1; Khan, Adnan R. MD3,4; Huebner, Thomas A. MD4,5; Holmes, Faith L. MD4; Griffith, Malachi PhD6,7,8,9; Griffith, Obi L. PhD6,7,8,9; Chaudhuri, Aadel A. MD, PhD7,9,10; Wurtzler, Elizabeth M. PhD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000360
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00360
Effective colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention and screening requires sensitive detection of all advanced neoplasias (CRC and advanced adenomas [AA]). However, existing noninvasive screening approaches cannot accurately detect adenomas with high sensitivity.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial of Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Childhood Constipation
Qiao, Lei MD1; Wang, Luo-Jia MD2; Wang, Yang MD3; Chen, Ying MD3; Zhang, Hai-Lan MD3; Zhang, Shu-Cheng MD3
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000345
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00345
Management of constipation is still challenging in childhood. The pharmacological effect of XiaojiDaozhi Decoction, a prescription of Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), has been well described for the treatment of food and Qi stagnation which account for childhood constipation. However, the efficacy and safety of XiaojiDaozhi Decoction in childhood constipation remains unclear.
Characterization of Patients With Obstructed Defecation and Slow Transit Constipation With a Simulated Stool
Gregersen, Hans MD, PhD, AGAF1; Chen, Ssu-Chi MD1; Leung, Wing Wa PhD1; Wong, Cherry MSc1; Mak, Tony MD1; Ng, Simon MD, PhD1; Daming, Sun PhD2; Futaba, Kaori MD, PhD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000354
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00354
Defecatory disorders including obstructed defecation (OD) are currently diagnosed using specialized investigations including anorectal manometry and the balloon expulsion test. Recently, we developed a simulated stool named Fecobionics that provides a novel type of pressure measurements and analysis. The aim was to study OD phenotypes compared with slow transit constipation (STC) patients and normal subjects (NS).
Gastric Mucosal Immune Profiling and Dysregulation in Idiopathic Gastroparesis
Gottfried-Blackmore, Andres MD, PhD1; Namkoong, Hong PhD1; Adler, Emerald MSW2; Martin, Brock MD3; Gubatan, John MD1; Fernandez-Becker, Nielsen MD, PhD1; Clarke, John O. MD1; Idoyaga, Juliana PhD4; Nguyen, Linda MD1; Habtezion, Aida MD1
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000349
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00349
It is unclear how immune perturbations may influence the pathogenesis of idiopathic gastroparesis, a prevalent functional disorder of the stomach which lacks animal models. Several studies have noted altered immune characteristics in the deep gastric muscle layer associated with gastroparesis, but data are lacking for the mucosal layer, which is endoscopically accessible. We hypothesized that immune dysregulation is present in the gastroduodenal mucosa in idiopathic gastroparesis and that specific immune profiles are associated with gastroparesis clinical parameters.
Correction to: Comparison of Prognostic Scores in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Sorafenib
Sansone, Vito MD1,2; Tovoli, Francesco MD1,2; Casadei-Gardini, Andrea MD3,4,5,6; Di Costanzo, Giovan Giuseppe MD7; Magini, Giulia MD8; Sacco, Rodolfo MD9,10; Pressiani, Tiziana MD11; Trevisani, Franco MD2,12; Rimini, Margherita MD13; Tortora, Raffaella MD7; Nardi, Elena1,2; Ielasi, Luca MD1,2; Piscaglia, Fabio MD1,2; Granito, Alessandro MD1,2
doi : 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000335
May 2021 - Volume 12 - Issue 5 - p e00335
