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Editorial introductions
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000806
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p v
Telemedicine in neuro-ophthalmology
Ramakrishnan, Meera S.; Gilbert, Aubrey L.
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000800
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 499-503
The COVID-19 public health emergency accelerated the adoption of telemedicine in neuro-ophthalmology. This review surveys the current telemedicine landscape and discusses associated limitations and opportunities.
Downbeat nystagmus: a clinical review of diagnosis and management
Tran, Tu M.a; Lee, Michael S.a,b,c; McClelland, Collin M.a
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000802
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 504-514
This review will extensively cover the clinical manifestations, causes, diagnostic evaluation, and management strategies of downbeat nystagmus (DBN).
Ophthalmic manifestations of dementing disorders
Douglas, Vivian Paraskevi; Douglas, Konstantinos A.A.; Cestari, Dean M.
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000807
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 515-520
Dementia is a term for loss of memory, language, problem-solving, and other thinking abilities, which significantly interferes with daily life. Certain dementing conditions may also affect visual function. The eye is an accessible window to the brain that can provide valuable information for the early diagnosis of people who suffer from Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies as well as from more rare causes of dementias, such as Creutzfeldt–Jacob and Huntington's diseases. Herein, we present the ocular manifestations of neurocognitive disorders focusing on the neuro-ophthalmic ones and further discuss potential ocular biomarkers that could help in early detection of these disorders.
Chronic Relapsing Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy (CRION)
Mukharesh, Loulwaha,?; Douglas, Vivian Paraskevia,?; Chwalisz, Bart K.a,b
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000804
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 521-526
This review highlights the epidemiology, clinical and radiologic characteristics of chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) and treatment modalities.
Pregnancy and the eye
Khong, Edmund W.C.a,b; Chan, Helen H.L.c,d; Watson, Stephanie L.e,f; Lim, Lyndell L.b,c
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000778
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 527-535
The aim of this study was to summarize common eye changes that may occur during pregnancy, and how pregnancy may affect preexisting eye conditions such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Challenges and complexities surrounding the treatment of these eye conditions during pregnancy are also highlighted.
Retinal and choroidal manifestations of COVID-19
Zhang, Youninga,b; Stewart, Jay M.a,b
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000801
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 536-540
The novel coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide range of systemic manifestations. Ocular manifestations are now well recognized, with conjunctivitis being the most common. Posterior segment involvement is uncommon and has mainly been described in case reports. This review provides an overview of the posterior segment involvement of COVID-19.
Ocular lymphoproliferative disorders
Moussa, Kareema; Everett, Lesleyb
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000796
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 541-548
Ocular lymphoproliferative disorders are a heterogenous group of pathologic disorders with significant impact on quality of life and, at times, may be life-threatening. Due to the rarity of these disorders, information regarding proper diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is limited. This review summarizes the key features of the unique diseases within this group of lymphoproliferative disorders, with a focus on disease presentation, diagnostic considerations, and treatment and prognosis.
A review of ophthalmic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease and associated treatments
Janardhana, Priya; Al-Kadhi, Saad
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000808
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 549-554
To review the ocular manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the treatments for each of these, including novel therapies and their effects on uveitis. With the advent of newer treatments for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, it is important to investigate whether these therapies have beneficial effects for extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) of IBD, in particular, ocular manifestations.
Recent advances in diagnosis and management of sympathetic ophthalmia
Fromal, Ollya V.; Swaminathan, Vishal; Soares, Rebecca R.; Ho, Allen C.
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000803
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 555-560
Sympathetic ophthalmia is a bilateral granulomatous uveitis that occurs following unilateral trauma or surgery and is sight-threatening in the contralateral eye. Despite significant potential morbidity, disease remains poorly understood. Variable presentations and clinical courses, as well as a lack of definitive diagnostic laboratory tests can complicate the diagnosis and result in delayed treatment, which can beget permanent vision loss. This review focuses on recent advances in areas of pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis and treatment.
Changes to ophthalmic clinical care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Sundararajan, Miela,b; Schallhorn, Julie M.b; Doan, Thuya,b; Seitzman, Gerami D.a,b
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000797
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 561-566
Given the impact that society as a whole, and medicine specifically, has experienced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, an examination of clinical care changes enacted in the field of ophthalmology is of interest to the specialty.
Systemic considerations with pigmented fundus lesions and retinal pigment epithelium hamartomas in Turcot syndrome
Mokhashi, Nikitaa; Cai, Louis Z.b; Shields, Carol L.c; Benson, William E.b; Ho, Allen C.b
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000798
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 567-573
To illustrate retinal pigment epithelium hamartomas (RPEHs) in a patient with known Turcot syndrome and to demonstrate the significance of these lesions in other colonic polyposis syndromes.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Joye, Ashlina; Suhler, Ericb
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000809
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 574-582
Here, we provide an overview of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH), including recent updates in our understanding of disease pathophysiology, classification and therapeutics.
Update on ophthalmic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenesis and precision medicine
Lee, Irisa; Zickuhr, Lisaa; Hassman, Lynnb
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000810
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 583-589
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with manifestations in multiple organs including the eyes. Several ocular manifestations like dry eye, retinopathy, and choroidopathy have been linked with specific systemic manifestations like lupus nephritis or CNS disease. Furthermore, the presence of ocular manifesattions can correlated with the severity of SLE. Finally, some medications used in the treatment of uveitis can present with lupus-like disease. Therefore, communication between the ophthalmologist and rheumatologist is vital.
Prevention of vision-threatening complications in diabetic retinopathy: two perspectives based on results from the DRCR Retina Network Protocol W and the Regeneron-sponsored PANORAMA
Nanegrungsunk, Onnisaa,b; Bressler, Neil M.a
doi : 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000799
November 2021 - Volume 32 - Issue 6 - p 590-598
The use of intravitreous antivascular endothelial growth factor to prevent center-involved diabetic macular edema (CI-DME) with vision loss and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) has been investigated and recently reported in two randomized clinical trials. Although both trials showed substantial superiority of aflibercept at preventing the development of vision-threatening complications (VTCs) of CI-DME or PDR compared with sham at 1 or 2 years, without a concomitant benefit in visual acuity outcomes, the interpretation of the results and its application to clinical practice resulted in two disparate opinions. In this review, we discuss these two trials including their similarities and differences, other relevant studies, and considerations regarding the interpretation and the application of these results into clinical practice.
