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Annals of Neurology: Volume 90, Number 4, October 2021
doi : 10.1002/ana.26220
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. C1-C1
Remembrance of Things Past: A Critical Step in Changing our Future
Clifford B. Saper MD, PhD,Christine Klein MD,Justin C. McArthur MBBS, MPH,Phillip L. Pearl MD,Christopher G. Goetz MD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26145
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 521-523
Strengthened through Diversity: A Blueprint for Organizational Change
Allison Willis MD, MS,Lesli E. Skolarus MD, MS,Roland Faigle MD, PhD,Uma Menon MD,Hannah Redwine MS,Amanda M. Brown PhD,Elizabeth Felton MD, PhD,Adys Mendizabal MD, MS,Avindra Nath MD,Frances Jensen MD,Justin C. McArthur MBBS, MPH
doi : 10.1002/ana.26165
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 524-536
Introducing the Child Neurology Society Leadership, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Task Force
Audrey C. Brumback MD, PhD,Rujuta B. Wilson MD,Erika F. Augustine MD, MS,Nancy E. Bass MD,Alexander G. Bassuk MD, PhD,Diana M. Cejas MD, MPH,Renée A. Shellhaas MD, MS,Jonathan B. Strober MD,Ann C. Tilton MD,Phillip L. Pearl MD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26176
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 537-538
Curing Multiple Sclerosis: How to Know When We're There
Stephen L. Hauser MD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26155
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 539-541
Immigrant Neurologists in the Physician-Scientist Pipeline: An Intervenable Stenosis
Imama A. Naqvi MD,Abhimanyu Mahajan MD, MHS
doi : 10.1002/ana.26192
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 542-545
Immigrant neurologists on a visa make up one-fourth of our neurology resident workforce. In this article, we describe the challenges faced by them in pursuit of a career as physician-scientists. We highlight the key role that immigration status plays in various aspects of research advancement early along the neurology pipeline, pertaining to clinical career decisions and the associated delay in achieving these milestones. We conclude with a call to action to address these key roadblocks, which would have the additional potential benefit of improving inclusion and diversity in clinical and translational science. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:542–545
Unsettling Realities of Nazism and the Legacy of the German Neurological Society
Heiner Fangerau MD,Michael Martin PhD,Axel Karenberg MD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26206
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 546-557
On behalf of the German Neurological Society (DGN), a study was conducted into how far former chairmen, honorary chairmen, and honorary members could be regarded as incriminated from the National Socialist period. While an online supplement of this journal presents seven individual biographies (in six papers) by way of example, this paper offers an overview summarizing the project results and introducing the biographies. The first part and the methodological section discuss the difficulties of retrospectively identifying neurologists involved in the Nazi movement. Formal characteristics (eg, membership of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) or other Nazi organizations or participation in Nazi crimes) and content-related clues (eg, statements reflecting Nazi ideology, personal contacts with Nazi officials or active support of the system) can be helpful. The second part summarizes the principal results of a study of 28 German and Austrian neuroscientists with regard to their involvement and their post-war careers. Six of the seven “founding fathers” of the DGN were former NSDAP members; 10 of the 13 presidents in office until 1976 had belonged to Nazi organizations—the NSDAP, the SA (“Brownshirts”) or the SS (“Blackshirts”). Moreover, seven out of 10 honorary presidents had formal or substantive links to National Socialism. Of the German and Austrian honorary members appointed up to 1985, two-thirds had leanings to Nazi ideology or the National Socialist system. This paper concludes by outlining how the DGN and its members are currently addressing this historical legacy in order to establish a responsible culture of remembrance. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:546–557
Clinical Applications of Myelin Plasticity for Remyelinating Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis
Simon Pan PhD,Jonah R. Chan PhD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26196
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 558-567
Central nervous system demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) and subsequent axonal degeneration represent a major cause of clinical morbidity. Learning, salient experiences, and stimulation of neuronal activity induce new myelin formation in rodents, and in animal models of demyelination, remyelination can be enhanced via experience- and activity-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, preliminary studies in MS patients support the use of neuromodulation and rehabilitation exercises for symptomatic improvement, suggesting that these interventions may represent nonpharmacological strategies for promoting remyelination. Here, we review the literature on myelin plasticity processes and assess the potential to leverage these mechanisms to develop remyelinating therapies. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:558–567
ANA Investigates: Neural Circuit Concepts Connecting Neurology and Psychiatry
Rohit R. Das MD, MPH,Adeline L. Goss MD,Megan Richie MD,Romergryko G. Geocadin MD,Helen S. Mayberg MD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26190
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 568-569
Brain Structure and Degeneration Staging in Friedreich Ataxia: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volumetrics from the ENIGMA-Ataxia Working Group
Ian H. Harding PhD,Sidhant Chopra BSc,Filippo Arrigoni MD,Sylvia Boesch MD,Arturo Brunetti MD,Sirio Cocozza MD,Louise A. Corben PhD,Andreas Deistung PhD,Martin Delatycki PhD,Stefano Diciotti PhD,Imis Dogan PhD,Stefania Evangelisti PhD,Marcondes C. França Jr PhD, MD,Sophia L. Göricke MD,Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis PhD,Laura L. Gramegna MD,Pierre-Gilles Henry PhD,Carlos R. Hernandez-Castillo PhD,Diane Hutter RN,Neda Jahanshad PhD,James M. Joers PhD,Christophe Lenglet PhD,Raffaele Lodi PhD, MD,David N. Manners PhD,Alberto R. M. Martinez PhD,Andrea Martinuzzi PhD, MD,Chiara Marzi PhD,Mario Mascalchi PhD, MD,Wolfgang Nachbauer PhD, MD,Chiara Pane MD,Denis Peruzzo PhD,Pramod K. Pisharady PhD,Giuseppe Pontillo MD,Kathrin Reetz MD,Thiago J. R. Rezende PhD,Sandro Romanzetti PhD,Francesco Saccà MD,Christoph Scherfler MD,Jörg B. Schulz MD,Ambra Stefani MD,Claudia Testa PhD,Sophia I. Thomopoulos BA,Dagmar Timmann MD,Stefania Tirelli MSc,Caterina Tonon PhD, MD,Marinela Vavla PhD, MD,Gary F. Egan PhD,Paul M. Thompson PhD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26200
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 570-583
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited neurological disease defined by progressive movement incoordination. We undertook a comprehensive characterization of the spatial profile and progressive evolution of structural brain abnormalities in people with FRDA.
Interaction between Preterm White Matter Injury and Childhood Thalamic Growth
Dalit Cayam-Rand MD,Ting Guo PhD,Anne Synnes MDCM, MHSc,Vann Chau MD,Connor Mabbott BSc,Isabel Benavente-Fernández MD, PhD,Ruth E. Grunau PhD,Steven P. Miller MDCM, MAS
doi : 10.1002/ana.26201
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 584-594
The purpose of this study was to determine how preterm white matter injury (WMI) and long-term thalamic growth interact to predict 8-year neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Th1 - CD11c+ B Cell Axis Associated with Response to Plasmapheresis in Multiple Sclerosis
Kimitoshi Kimura MD, PhD,Youwei Lin MD,Hiromi Yamaguchi BD,Wakiro Sato MD, PhD,Daiki Takewaki MD,Misako Minote MD,Yoshimitsu Doi MD, PhD,Tomoko Okamoto MD, PhD,Ryosuke Takahashi MD, PhD,Takayuki Kondo MD, PhD,Takashi Yamamura MD, PhD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26202
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 595-611
Although plasmapheresis is a treatment option for patients with autoimmune neurological diseases, treatment response varies greatly among patients. The main objective of this study was to find out if biological/immune traits correlate with a beneficial response.
7T MRI Differentiates Remyelinated from Demyelinated Multiple Sclerosis Lesions
Hadar Kolb MD,Martina Absinta MD, PhD,Erin S. Beck MD, PhD,Seung-Kwon Ha DVM, PhD,Yeajin Song MS,Gina Norato ScM,Irene Cortese MD,Pascal Sati PhD,Govind Nair PhD,Daniel S. Reich MD, PhD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26194
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 612-626
To noninvasively assess myelin status in chronic white matter lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS), we developed and evaluated a simple classification scheme based on T1 relaxation time maps derived from 7-tesla postmortem and in vivo MRI.
COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Germany
Jörg B. Schulz MD,Peter Berlit MD,Hans-Christoph Diener MD,Christian Gerloff MD,Andreas Greinacher MD,Christine Klein MD,Gabor C. Petzold MD,Marco Piccininni MSc,Sven Poli MD,Rainer Röhrig MD,Helmuth Steinmetz MD,Thomas Thiele MD,Tobias Kurth MD,the German Society of Neurology SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Study Group
doi : 10.1002/ana.26172
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 627-639
We aimed to estimate the incidence of cerebral sinus and venous thrombosis (CVT) within 1 month from first dose administration and the frequency of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) as the underlying mechanism after vaccination with BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273, in Germany.
Synergistic Deoxynucleoside and Gene Therapies for Thymidine Kinase 2 Deficiency
Carlos Lopez-Gomez PhD,Maria J. Sanchez-Quintero PhD,Eung Jeon Lee BS,Gulio Kleiner PhD,Saba Tadesse MS,Jun Xie PhD,Hasan Orhan Akman PhD,Guangping Gao PhD,Michio Hirano MD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26185
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 640-652
Autosomal recessive human thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) mutations cause TK2 deficiency, which typically manifests as a progressive and fatal mitochondrial myopathy in infants and children. Treatment with pyrimidine deoxynucleosides deoxycytidine and thymidine ameliorates mitochondrial defects and extends the lifespan of Tk2 knock-in mouse (Tk2KI) and compassionate use deoxynucleoside therapy in TK2 deficient patients have shown promising indications of efficacy. To augment therapy for Tk2 deficiency, we assessed gene therapy alone and in combination with deoxynucleoside therapy in Tk2KI mice.
DNase Treatment Prevents Cerebrospinal Fluid Block in Early Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis
Chiara Pavan MSc,Anna L. R. Xavier PhD,Marta Ramos MSc,Jane Fisher PhD,Marios Kritsilis MD,Adam Linder MD, PhD,Peter Bentzer MD, PhD,Maiken Nedergaard MD, DMSc,Iben Lundgaard PhD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26186
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 653-669
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis, a disease that, despite treatment with antibiotics, still is associated with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Diffuse brain swelling is a leading cause of morbidity in S pneumoniae meningitis. We hypothesized that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) disrupt cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport by the glymphatic system and contribute to edema formation in S pneumoniae meningitis.
Subthalamic and Pallidal Stimulations in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Common and Dissociable Connections
Chencheng Zhang MD, PhD,Yijie Lai MD,Jun Li PhD,Naying He MD, PhD,Yu Liu MD,Yan Li MS,Hongyang Li MD,Hongjiang Wei PhD,Fuhua Yan MD, PhD,Andreas Horn MD, PhD,Dianyou Li MD, PhD,Bomin Sun MD, PhD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26199
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 670-682
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) and internal globus pallidus (GPi) are the most effective targets in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the common and specific effects on brain connectivity of stimulating the 2 nuclei remain unclear.
Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 versus Contactin-Associated Protein-like 2 Antibody Neuropathic Pain: Clinical and Biological Comparisons
Sudarshini Ramanathan FRACP, PhD,Mandy Tseng BSc,Alexander J. Davies PhD,Christopher E. Uy FRCP(C),Sofija Paneva BSc,Victor C. Mgbachi BSc,Sophia Michael MRCP,James A. Varley DPhil,Sophie Binks MRCP,Andreas C. Themistocleous MRCP, PhD,Janev Fehmi MD,Yaacov Anziska MD,Anushka Soni DPhil,Monika Hofer PhD,Patrick Waters FRCPath,Fabienne Brilot PhD,Russell C. Dale MRCP, PhD,John Dawes PhD,Simon Rinaldi PhD,David L. Bennett FMedSci,Sarosh R. Irani DPhil FRCP
doi : 10.1002/ana.26189
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 683-690
Pain is a under-recognized association of leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) antibodies. Of 147 patients with these autoantibodies, pain was experienced by 17 of 33 (52%) with CASPR2- versus 20 of 108 (19%) with LGI1 antibodies (p =?0.0005), and identified as neuropathic in 89% versus 58% of these, respectively. Typically, in both cohorts, normal nerve conduction studies and reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber densities were observed in the sampled patient subsets. In LGI1 antibody patients, pain responded to immunotherapy (p =?0.008), often rapidly, with greater residual patient-rated impairment observed in CASPR2 antibody patients (p =?0.019). Serum CASPR2 antibodies, but not LGI1 antibodies, bound in vitro to unmyelinated human sensory neurons and rodent dorsal root ganglia, suggesting pathophysiological differences that may underlie our clinical observations. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:683–690
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy
Grace Tewkesbury MD,Jae W. Song MD,Christopher M. Perrone MD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26195
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 691-692
Improving Specificity of Cerebrospinal Fluid Liquid Biopsy for Genetic Testing
Zimeng Ye MSc,Ingrid E. Scheffer MBBS, PhD,Samuel F. Berkovic MD,Michael S. Hildebrand PhD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26191
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 693-694
Reply to “Improving Specificity of CSF Liquid Biopsy for Genetic Testing”
Seyeon Kim BS,Sara Baldassari PhD,Stéphanie Baulac PhD,Jeong Ho Lee MD, PhD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26188
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 694-695
Cerebro-Spinal-Fluid Cytokine Profiles Do Not Reliably Delineate Encephalopathy and Inflammation in Neuro-COVID
Josef Finsterer MD, PhD,Fulvio A. Scorza MD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26197
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 695-695
Reply to “CSF Cytokine Profiles Do Not Reliably Delineate Encephalopathy and Inflammation in Neuro-COVID”
Otávio M. Espíndola PhD,Yago C. P. Gomes MSc,Marco Antonio S. D. Lima MD, PhD,Ana Claudia C. B. Leite MD, PhD,Abelardo Q. C. Araujo MD, PhD,Marcus Tulius T. Silva MD, PhD
doi : 10.1002/ana.26193
Volume 90, Issue 4 p. 696-697
