Human Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

PRRs	Localization	Ligand	Microbial origin of ligand
TLR1	Plasma membrane	Triacyl lipoprotein	Bacteria
TLR2	Plasma membrane	Lipoprotein	Bacteria, viruses, parasites
TLR3	Endolysosome*	dsRNA	Viruses
TLR4	Plasma membrane	LPS	Bacteria, viruses
TLR5	Plasma membrane	Flagellin	Bacteria
TLR6	Plasma membrane	Diacyl lipoprotein	Bacteria, viruses
TLR7/8	Endolysosome	ssRNA	Viruses, bacteria
TLR9	Endolysosome	CpG-DNA	Viruses, bacteria, protozoa
TLR10	Endolysosome	Unknown	Influenza virus, Listeria monocytogenes

PRRs: pattern recognition receptors; TLR: Toll-like receptor; dsRNA: double-stranded ribonucleic acid; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; ssRNA: single-stranded ribonucleic acid; CpG: cytosine guanine dinucleotides.

* An endosome is an intracellular membrane-bound compartment of the endocytic transport pathway from the plasma membrane to the lysosome. In the context of host defense, endolysosomal refers to localization in a vesicle containing internalized microbial debris or virus that has fused with lysosomes that contain degradative enzymes.

Graphic 55974 Version 9.0

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Human Toll-like receptors (TLRs)