ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ
خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
نسخه الکترونیک
medimedia.ir

Polysaccharide-iron complex: Drug information

Polysaccharide-iron complex: Drug information
(For additional information see "Polysaccharide-iron complex: Patient drug information" and see "Polysaccharide-iron complex: Pediatric drug information")

For abbreviations, symbols, and age group definitions used in Lexicomp (show table)
Brand Names: US
  • EZFE 200 [OTC];
  • Ferrex 150 [OTC];
  • Ferric x-150 [OTC];
  • IFerex 150 [OTC];
  • NovaFerrum 50 [OTC];
  • NovaFerrum Pediatric Drops [OTC];
  • NovaFerrum [OTC];
  • Nu-Iron [OTC];
  • Poly-Iron 150 [OTC]
Pharmacologic Category
  • Iron Preparations
Dosing: Adult

Note: Dosage expression: Dose is expressed in terms of elemental iron; the strength of each capsule or concentration of liquid represents the amount of elemental iron (eg, a 150 mg capsule contains 150 mg of elemental iron). Formulation: Enteric-coated and slow/sustained-release preparations are generally not preferred due to poor absorption (Hershko 2014; Liu 2012). Route of administration: IV iron replacement is preferred over oral replacement in several clinical situations (eg, poor GI absorption, lack of response to or poor tolerability of oral iron, chronic kidney disease, active inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, chronic or extensive blood loss) (Auerbach 2021).

Iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia

Iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia: Oral: 50 to 200 mg of elemental iron (1 tablet or equivalent as liquid) once every other day or on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday (Liu 2012; Stoffel 2017; Stoffel 2020; Stoltzfus 1998; WHO 2001). Note: Daily dosing has been shown to result in decreased absorption but may be reasonable in some individuals to improve adherence (Auerbach 2021; Stoffel 2017; Stoffel 2020).

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Adult

There are no dosing adjustments provided in the manufacturer’s labeling.

Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Adult

There are no dosing adjustments provided in the manufacturer’s labeling.

Dosing: Older Adult

Refer to adult dosing.

Dosing: Pediatric

(For additional information see "Polysaccharide-iron complex: Pediatric drug information")

Note: Multiple concentrations of polysaccharide iron complex oral liquid exist; close attention must be paid to the concentration when ordering and administering polysaccharide iron complex; incorrect selection or substitution of one polysaccharide iron complex liquid for another without proper dosage volume adjustment may result in serious over- or underdosing.

Note: Dosages are expressed in terms of elemental iron.

Dietary supplementation

Dietary supplementation: Note: Refer to product-specific labeling for approved pediatric ages.

Infants and Children <12 years: Oral liquid: Oral: 15 mg elemental iron daily.

Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: Oral: 50 mg elemental iron daily.

Iron-deficiency anemia, prevention

Iron-deficiency anemia, prevention:

AAP recommendations:

Infants ≥4 months (exclusively fed human milk or human milk provides >50% of nutrition without iron fortified food): Oral: 1 mg elemental iron/kg/day; supplementation should be continued until sufficient iron is provided in complementary foods (AAP [Baker 2010]).

WHO recommendations:

Areas where anemia prevalence is ≥40%:

Infants ≥6 months and Children <2 years: Oral: 10 to 12.5 mg elemental iron daily for 3 consecutive months in a year (WHO 2016b).

Children 2 to <5 years: Oral: 30 mg elemental iron daily for 3 consecutive months in a year (WHO 2016b).

Children ≥5 to 12 years: Oral: 30 to 60 mg elemental iron daily for 3 consecutive months in a year (WHO 2016b).

Adolescent menstruating patients (nonpregnant patients of reproductive potential): Oral: 30 to 60 mg elemental iron daily for 3 consecutive months in a year (WHO 2016a).

Areas where anemia prevalence 20% to <40%: Weekly intermittent dosing:

Children 2 to <5 years: Oral: 25 mg elemental iron once weekly for 3 consecutive months, then alternating 3 months off supplementation, 3 months on supplementation (WHO 2011).

Children 5 to 12 years: Oral: 45 mg elemental iron once weekly for 3 consecutive months, then alternating 3 months off supplementation, 3 months on supplementation (WHO 2011).

Iron-deficiency anemia, treatment

Iron-deficiency anemia, treatment: Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Oral: Initial: 3 mg elemental iron/kg/day as a single daily dose (Kazal 2002; Oski 1993; Powers 2017; Reeves 1985) up to 60 to 120 mg elemental iron once daily (AAP [Kleinman 2019]); higher doses may be needed in select patients; dosage range: 3 to 6 mg elemental iron/kg/day in 1 to 3 divided doses; usual maximum daily dose: 150 to 200 mg elemental iron/day (ASPEN [Corkins 2015]; Kliegman 2020; Zlotkin 2001); once-daily administration may be preferred for ease of administration and adherence (Zlotkin 2001). Studies in iron-depleted adults suggest that iron absorption may be improved by less frequent dosing (alternate-day dosing, or once daily versus multiple daily doses) (Moretti 2015; Stoffel 2017).

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Pediatric

There are no dosing adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.

Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Pediatric

There are no dosing adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.

Adverse Reactions

The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified.

>10%: Gastrointestinal: Constipation, darkening of stools, epigastric pain, gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, stomach cramps, vomiting

1% to 10%:

Gastrointestinal: Dental discoloration, diarrhea, heartburn

Genitourinary: Urine discoloration

<1%, postmarketing, and/or case reports: Local irritation

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to polysaccharide-iron complex or any component of the formulations; hemochromatosis; hemosiderosis

Warnings/Precautions

Concerns related to adverse effects:

• Stool discoloration: Oral iron preparations commonly cause dark or black stools; patients should be informed of the effect.

Special populations:

• Pediatric: Accidental overdose of iron-containing products is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under 6 years of age. Keep this product out of the reach of children. In case of accidental overdose call the poison control center immediately.

Dosage form specific issues:

• Oral iron formulations: Immediate-release oral iron products are preferred for treatment of iron deficiency anemia; enteric-coated and slow-/sustained-release preparations are not desired due to poor absorption (Hershko 2014; Liu 2012).

• Benzyl alcohol and derivatives: Some dosage forms may contain sodium benzoate/benzoic acid; benzoic acid (benzoate) is a metabolite of benzyl alcohol; large amounts of benzyl alcohol (≥99 mg/kg/day) have been associated with a potentially fatal toxicity ("gasping syndrome") in neonates; the "gasping syndrome" consists of metabolic acidosis, respiratory distress, gasping respirations, CNS dysfunction (including convulsions and intracranial hemorrhage), hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse (AAP ["Inactive" 1997]; CDC 1982); some data suggest that benzoate displaces bilirubin from protein binding sites (Ahlfors 2001); avoid or use dosage forms containing benzyl alcohol derivative with caution in neonates. See manufacturer's labeling.

• Excipient: Some formulations may contain tartrazine, which is associated with allergic-type reactions. Although rare, hypersensitivity is more frequently seen in individuals with aspirin allergy.

Other warnings/precautions:

• Appropriate use: Investigate type of anemia and potential underlying causes (eg, recurrent blood loss) prior to initiating iron supplementation.

Warnings: Additional Pediatric Considerations

Consider all iron sources when evaluating the dose of iron, including combination products, infant formulas, and liquid nutritional supplements.

Dosage Forms: US

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.

Capsule, Oral:

EZFE 200: 200 mg [non-toxic; contains fd&c blue #1 (brilliant blue), fd&c red #40 (allura red ac dye), quinoline yellow (d&c yellow #10)]

Ferrex 150: 150 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 (brill blue) aluminum lake, fd&c red #40(allura red ac)aluminum lake, fd&c yellow #5 (tartrazine)aluminum lake]

Ferric x-150: 150 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 (brilliant blue), fd&c red #40 (allura red ac dye), fd&c yellow #5 (tartrazine)]

IFerex 150: 150 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 (brilliant blue), fd&c red #40 (allura red ac dye), quinoline yellow (d&c yellow #10)]

NovaFerrum 50: 50 mg

Nu-Iron: 150 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 (brilliant blue), fd&c red #40 (allura red ac dye)]

Poly-Iron 150: 150 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 (brill blue) aluminum lake, fd&c red #40(allura red ac)aluminum lake, fd&c yellow #5 (tartrazine)aluminum lake]

Generic: 150 mg

Liquid, Oral:

NovaFerrum: Polysaccharide-iron complex 125 mg and cholecalciferol 100 units per 5 mL (180 mL) [contains sodium benzoate]

NovaFerrum Pediatric Drops: 15 mg/mL (120 mL) [alcohol free, dye free, gluten free, lactose free, sodium free, sugar free; contains sodium benzoate; raspberry-grape flavor]

Generic Equivalent Available: US

May be product dependent

Pricing: US

Capsules (EZFE 200 Oral)

434.8 (200 Fe) mg (per each): $0.41

Capsules (Ferrex 150 Oral)

150 mg (per each): $0.15

Capsules (IFerex 150 Oral)

150 mg (per each): $0.34

Capsules (NovaFerrum 50 Oral)

50 mg (per each): $0.22

Capsules (Nu-Iron Oral)

150 mg (per each): $0.51

Capsules (Poly-Iron 150 Oral)

150 mg (per each): $0.14

Capsules (Polysaccharide Iron Complex Oral)

150 mg (per each): $0.28

Liquid (Hematex Oral)

100 mg/5 mL (per mL): $0.08

Liquid (NovaFerrum Oral)

125 mg/5 mL (per mL): $0.14

Liquid (NovaFerrum Pediatric Drops Oral)

15 mg/mL (per mL): $0.19

Tablets (Hematex Iron Complex Oral)

150 mg (per each): $0.30

Disclaimer: A representative AWP (Average Wholesale Price) price or price range is provided as reference price only. A range is provided when more than one manufacturer's AWP price is available and uses the low and high price reported by the manufacturers to determine the range. The pricing data should be used for benchmarking purposes only, and as such should not be used alone to set or adjudicate any prices for reimbursement or purchasing functions or considered to be an exact price for a single product and/or manufacturer. Medi-Span expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind or nature, whether express or implied, and assumes no liability with respect to accuracy of price or price range data published in its solutions. In no event shall Medi-Span be liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from use of price or price range data. Pricing data is updated monthly.

Administration: Adult

Oral: Shake liquid well prior to administration.

Administration: Pediatric

Oral: Administer with water or juice prior to breakfast and/or between meals for maximum absorption (Kliegman 2020; Oski 1993); may administer with food if GI upset occurs; do not administer with milk or milk products (Powers 2017). Shake liquid well prior to administration.

Use: Labeled Indications

Iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia: Management (prevention and treatment) of iron-deficiency anemia.

Metabolism/Transport Effects

None known.

Drug Interactions

Note: Interacting drugs may not be individually listed below if they are part of a group interaction (eg, individual drugs within “CYP3A4 Inducers [Strong]” are NOT listed). For a complete list of drug interactions by individual drug name and detailed management recommendations, use the Lexicomp drug interactions program by clicking on the “Launch drug interactions program” link above.

Alpha-Lipoic Acid: Iron Preparations may decrease the absorption of Alpha-Lipoic Acid. Alpha-Lipoic Acid may decrease the absorption of Iron Preparations. Management: Separate administration of alpha-lipoic acid from that of any iron-containing compounds by several hours. If alpha-lipoic acid is given 30 minutes before breakfast, then administer oral iron-containing products at lunch or dinner. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Antacids: May decrease the absorption of Iron Preparations. Management: No action is likely necessary for the majority of patients who only use antacids intermittently or occasionally. Consider separating doses of oral iron and antacids in patients who require chronic use of both agents and monitor for reduced iron efficacy. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Baloxavir Marboxil: Polyvalent Cation Containing Products may decrease the serum concentration of Baloxavir Marboxil. Risk X: Avoid combination

Bictegravir: Iron Preparations may decrease the serum concentration of Bictegravir. Management: Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide can be administered with iron preparations under fed conditions, but coadministration with or 2 hours after an iron preparation is not recommended under fasting conditions. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Bisphosphonate Derivatives: Polyvalent Cation Containing Products may decrease the serum concentration of Bisphosphonate Derivatives. Management: Avoid administration of oral medications containing polyvalent cations within: 2 hours before or after tiludronate/clodronate/etidronate; 60 minutes after oral ibandronate; or 30 minutes after alendronate/risedronate. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Cabotegravir: Polyvalent Cation Containing Products may decrease the serum concentration of Cabotegravir. Management: Administer polyvalent cation containing products at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after oral cabotegravir. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Cefdinir: Iron Preparations may decrease the serum concentration of Cefdinir. Red-appearing, non-bloody stools may also develop due to the formation of an insoluble iron-cefdinir complex. Management: Avoid concurrent cefdinir and oral iron when possible. Separate doses by at least 2 hours if combined. Iron-containing infant formulas do not appear alter cefdinir pharmacokinetics, but red-appearing, non-bloody stools may develop when combined. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Deferiprone: Polyvalent Cation Containing Products may decrease the serum concentration of Deferiprone. Management: Separate administration of deferiprone and oral medications or supplements that contain polyvalent cations by at least 4 hours. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Dimercaprol: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Iron Preparations. Risk X: Avoid combination

Dolutegravir: Iron Preparations may decrease the serum concentration of Dolutegravir. Management: Administer dolutegravir at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after oral iron. Administer dolutegravir/rilpivirine at least 4 hours before or 6 hours after oral iron. Alternatively, dolutegravir and oral iron can be taken together with food. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Eltrombopag: Polyvalent Cation Containing Products may decrease the serum concentration of Eltrombopag. Management: Administer eltrombopag at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after oral administration of any polyvalent cation containing product. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Elvitegravir: Polyvalent Cation Containing Products may decrease the serum concentration of Elvitegravir. Management: Administer elvitegravir 2 hours before or 6 hours after the administration of polyvalent cation containing products. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Entacapone: Iron Preparations may decrease the serum concentration of Entacapone. Management: Consider separating doses of the agents by 2 or more hours to minimize the effects of this interaction. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of levodopa during concomitant therapy, particularly if doses cannot be separated. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Ferric Hydroxide Polymaltose Complex: May decrease the serum concentration of Iron Preparations. Specifically, the absorption of oral iron salts may be reduced. Management: Do not administer intravenous (IV) ferric hydroxide polymaltose complex with other oral iron preparations. Therapy with oral iron preparations should begin 1 week after the last dose of IV ferric hydroxide polymaltose complex. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Levodopa: Iron Preparations may decrease the serum concentration of Levodopa. Only applies to oral iron preparations. Management: Consider separating doses of the agents by 2 or more hours to minimize the effects of this interaction. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of levodopa during concomitant therapy, particularly if doses cannot be separated. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Levonadifloxacin: Iron Preparations may decrease the serum concentration of Levonadifloxacin. Risk X: Avoid combination

Levothyroxine: Iron Preparations may decrease the serum concentration of Levothyroxine. Management: Separate oral administration of iron preparations and levothyroxine by at least 4 hours. Separation of doses is not required with parenterally administered iron preparations or levothyroxine. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Methyldopa: Iron Preparations may decrease the serum concentration of Methyldopa. Management: Consider separating doses of methyldopa and orally administered iron preparation by 2 or more hours. Monitor for decreased efficacy of methyldopa if an oral iron preparation is initiated/dose increase, or increased efficacy if discontinued/dose decreased. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

PenicillAMINE: Polyvalent Cation Containing Products may decrease the serum concentration of PenicillAMINE. Management: Separate the administration of penicillamine and oral polyvalent cation containing products by at least 1 hour. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Phosphate Supplements: Iron Preparations may decrease the absorption of Phosphate Supplements. Management: Administer oral phosphate supplements as far apart from the administration of an oral iron preparation as possible to minimize the significance of this interaction. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Polyethylene Glycol-Electrolyte Solution: May decrease the absorption of Iron Preparations. Management: Give oral iron products at least 2 hours before or at least 6 hours after polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solutions that contain magnesium sulfate (Suflave brand). Other products without magnesium do not require dose separation. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Quinolones: Iron Preparations may decrease the serum concentration of Quinolones. Management: Give oral quinolones at least several hours before (4 h for moxi- and sparfloxacin, 2 h for others) or after (8 h for moxi-, 6 h for cipro/dela-, 4 h for lome-, 3 h for gemi-, and 2 h for enox-, levo-, nor-, oflox-, peflox, or nalidixic acid) oral iron. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Raltegravir: Polyvalent Cation Containing Products may decrease the serum concentration of Raltegravir. Management: Administer raltegravir 2 hours before or 6 hours after administration of the polyvalent cations. Dose separation may not adequately minimize the significance of this interaction. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Roxadustat: Polyvalent Cation Containing Products may decrease the serum concentration of Roxadustat. Management: Administer roxadustat at least 1 hour after the administration of oral polyvalent cation containing products. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Tetracyclines: May decrease the absorption of Iron Preparations. Iron Preparations may decrease the serum concentration of Tetracyclines. Management: Avoid this combination if possible. Administer oral iron preparations at least 2 hours before, or 4 hours after, the dose of the oral tetracycline derivative. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effect of oral tetracycline derivatives. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Trientine: Polyvalent Cation Containing Products may decrease the serum concentration of Trientine. Management: Avoid concomitant use of trientine and polyvalent cations. If oral iron supplements are required, separate the administration by 2 hours. For other oral polyvalent cations, give trientine 1 hour before, or 1 to 2 hours after the polyvalent cation. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Unithiol: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Polyvalent Cation Containing Products. Risk X: Avoid combination

Pregnancy Considerations

Iron transfer to the fetus is regulated by the placenta (BSH [Pavord 2020]; NAS 2020).

Maternal iron requirements increase during pregnancy. Untreated iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant patients are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm birth, and increased perinatal mortality (ACOG 2021; BSH [Pavord 2020]). Maternal iron deficiency is also associated with fatigue, increased risk of postpartum depression, and possibly postpartum hemorrhage (BSH [Pavord 2020]).

Oral and parenteral iron are effective at replacing iron stores in pregnant patients (ACOG 2021). Most studies note iron therapy improves maternal hematologic parameters; however, data related to clinical outcomes in the mother and neonate are limited (FIGO 2019; NAS 2020; USPSTF [Siu 2015]). Use of low-dose supplemental iron is recommended for all pregnant patients beginning in the first trimester or first prenatal visit to prevent anemia at term (ACOG 2021).

A product containing a ferrous salt may be preferred for the oral management of IDA in pregnancy (BSH [Pavord 2020]). Iron supplementation is recommended for 3 months once hemoglobin is within the normal range, and at least 6 weeks postpartum to replenish maternal iron stores (BSH [Pavord 2020]; FIGO 2019). Iron supplementation is recommended in addition to use of prenatal vitamins in pregnant patients diagnosed with IDA (ACOG 2021). Enteric-coated and slow/sustained-release preparations may be less effective due to decreased absorption, and use should be avoided (ACOG 2021; BSH [Pavord 2020]).

Breastfeeding Considerations

Iron is present in breast milk.

Endogenous iron concentrations in breast milk vary by postpartum age and are lower than concentrations in the maternal plasma (Dorea 2000; Emmett 1997). Breast milk concentrations of iron are maintained in lactating patients with mild to moderate iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), but concentrations decrease if IDA is moderate to severe (El-Farrash 2012) or severe (Kumar 2008).

Iron deficiency and IDA are associated with adverse effects in postpartum patients (eg, altered cognition, depression, fatigue) that may influence interactions with the infant. Iron supplementation in the postpartum patient should be initiated as soon as possible following delivery when gestational anemia is a concern. All postpartum patients at risk of gestational anemia (regardless of breastfeeding status) may be given oral iron with or without folic acid for 6 to 12 weeks postpartum to reduce the risk of anemia. A product containing a ferrous salt may be preferred (WHO 2016c). Oral iron therapy is recommended for postpartum patients with uncorrected anemia at delivery who are hemodynamically stable and are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms; treatment should continue for at least 3 months (BSH [Pavord 2020]).

Dietary Considerations

Dietary sources of iron include beans, cereal (enriched), clams, beef, lentils, liver, oysters, shrimp, and turkey. Foods that enhance dietary absorption of iron include broccoli, grapefruit, orange juice, peppers and strawberries. Foods that decrease dietary absorption of iron include coffee, dairy products, soy products, spinach, and tea.

Dietary reference intake (elemental iron) (IOM 2001):

0 to 6 months: Adequate intake: 0.27 mg elemental iron daily.

7 to 12 months: Recommended dietary allowance (RDA): 11 mg elemental iron daily.

1 to 3 years: RDA: 7 mg elemental iron daily.

4 to 8 years: RDA: 10 mg elemental iron daily.

9 to 13 years: RDA: 8 mg elemental iron daily.

14 to 18 years: RDA:

Males: 11 mg elemental iron daily.

Females: 15 mg elemental iron daily.

Pregnancy: 27 mg elemental iron daily.

Lactation: 10 mg elemental iron daily.

19 to 50 years: RDA:

Males: 8 mg elemental iron daily.

Females: 18 mg elemental iron daily.

Pregnancy: 27 mg elemental iron daily.

Lactation: 9 mg elemental iron daily.

≥50 years: RDA: 8 mg elemental iron daily.

Pharmacokinetics (Adult Data Unless Noted)

Onset of action: Hematologic response: Red blood cells form within 3 to 10 days; similar onset as parenteral iron salts; Maximum effect: Peak reticulocytosis occurs in 5 to 10 days, and hemoglobin values increase within 2 to 4 weeks

Absorption: Oral: Iron is absorbed in the duodenum and upper jejunum; in persons with normal iron stores 10% of an oral dose is absorbed; this is increased to 20% to 30% in persons with inadequate iron stores; food and achlorhydria will decrease absorption

Protein binding: To transferrin

Excretion: Urine, sweat, sloughing of intestinal mucosa, and by menses

Brand Names: International
International Brand Names by Country
For country code abbreviations (show table)

  • (AE) United Arab Emirates: Feramax;
  • (BE) Belgium: Ferricure;
  • (CL) Chile: Rafofer;
  • (CN) China: Hong yuan da | Niferex;
  • (GB) United Kingdom: Niferex | Niferex tlt;
  • (IN) India: Ufer;
  • (KR) Korea, Republic of: Hemacite | Hemodipine | Hemodoctor | Hemonia | Hemostone | Hemotop | Moaferin | Polcaron | Polylon;
  • (KW) Kuwait: Feramax;
  • (LB) Lebanon: Feramax | Ferricure | Polyron;
  • (LU) Luxembourg: Ferricure;
  • (PK) Pakistan: Calplex | Elezo | Ferrica | Gilcure | Haemfil | Irolex | Ironone | Irosac | Rosefer | Sakride;
  • (PR) Puerto Rico: Fe-tinic | Ferric polysaccharide complex | Ferric x 150 | Hematex iron | Ironup | Novaferrum 50 | Nu-iron;
  • (TW) Taiwan: Dafuten | Ferich | Hemonia | Irome | Niferex;
  • (VE) Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of: Niferex
  1. Agostoni C, Buonocore G, Carnielli VP, et al. Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;50(1):85-91. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181adaee0 [PubMed 19881390]
  2. Ahlfors CE. Benzyl alcohol, kernicterus, and unbound bilirubin. J Pediatr. 2001;139(2):317-319. [PubMed 11487763]
  3. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Kleinman RE, Greer FR, eds. Pediatric Nutrition Handbook. 8th ed. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2019.
  4. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No.233: Anemia in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;138(2):e55-e64. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004477 [PubMed 34293770]
  5. Auerbach M. Treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adults. Post TW, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. http://www.uptodate.com. Accessed October 13, 2021.
  6. Baker RD, Greer FR, Committee on Nutrition American Academy of Pediatrics. Diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children (0-3 years of age). Pediatrics. 2010;126(5):1040-1050. [PubMed 20923825]
  7. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Neonatal deaths associated with use of benzyl alcohol—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1982;31(22):290-291. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001109.htm [PubMed 6810084]
  8. Corkins MR, Balint J, Bobo E, et al, eds. The A.S.P.E.N Pediatric Nutrition Support Core Curriculum. 2nd ed. Silver Spring: MD: American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2015.
  9. Domellöf M, Braegger C, Campoy C, et al. Iron requirements of infants and toddlers. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58(1):119-129. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000000206 [PubMed 24135983]
  10. Dorea JG. Iron and copper in human milk. Nutrition. 2000;16(3):209-220. doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(99)00287-7 [PubMed 10705077]
  11. El-Farrash RA, Ismail EA, Nada AS. Cord blood iron profile and breast milk micronutrients in maternal iron deficiency anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;58(2):233-238. doi: 10.1002/pbc.23184. [PubMed 21548016]
  12. Emmett PM, Rogers IS. Properties of human milk and their relationship with maternal nutrition. Early Hum Dev. 1997;49(suppl):S7-S28. doi:10.1016/s0378-3782(97)00051-0 [PubMed 9363415]
  13. EZFE 200 (polysaccharide-iron complex) [prescribing information]. Chattanooga, TN: R.A. McNeil Co; November 2010.
  14. Ferrex 150 (polysaccharide-iron complex) [prescribing information]. Boca Raton, FL: Breckenridge Pharmaceutical Inc; November 2016.
  15. FIGO Working Group on Good Clinical Practice in Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Good clinical practice advice: iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;144(3):322-324. doi:10.1002/ijgo.12740 [PubMed 30710364]
  16. Guideline: Intermittent Iron Supplementation in Preschool and School-Age Children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. [PubMed 24479203]
  17. Hershko C, Camaschella C. How I treat unexplained refractory iron deficiency anemia. Blood. 2014;123(3):326-333. doi:10.1182/blood-2013-10-512624 [PubMed 24215034]
  18. "Inactive" ingredients in pharmaceutical products: update (subject review). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Drugs. Pediatrics. 1997;99(2):268-278. [PubMed 9024461]
  19. Institute of Medicine (IOM). Nutrition During Lactation. Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press, 1991. Available at http://www.nap.edu
  20. Iron Up (polysaccharide-iron complex) [prescribing information]. Jonesborough, TN: Callion Pharma; January 2020.
  21. Kazal LA Jr. Prevention of iron deficiency in infants and toddlers. Am Fam Physician. 2002;66(7):1217-1224. [PubMed 12387433]
  22. Kliegman RM and St. Geme J, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2020.
  23. Kumar A, Rai AK, Basu S, et al. Cord blood and breast milk iron status in maternal anemia. Pediatrics. 2008;121(3):e673-e677. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1986. [PubMed 18310187]
  24. Lapillonne A, Bronsky J, Campoy C, et al. Feeding the late and moderately preterm infant: a position paper of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019;69(2):259-270. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000002397 [PubMed 31095091]
  25. Liu K, Kaffes AJ. Iron deficiency anaemia: a review of diagnosis, investigation and management. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;24(2):109-116. doi:10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834f3140 [PubMed 22157204]
  26. Moretti D, Goede JS, Zeder C, et al. Oral iron supplements increase hepcidin and decrease iron absorption from daily or twice-daily doses in iron-depleted young women. Blood. 2015;126(17):1981-1989. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-05-642223 [PubMed 26289639]
  27. Myferon 150 (polysaccharide-iron complex) [prescribing information]. Richmond, IN: M.E. Pharmaceuticals Inc; February 2014.
  28. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: Exploring New Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop. The National Academies Press; 2020. https://doi.org/10.17226/25841.
  29. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Iron fact sheet for health professionals. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/. Published March 30, 2021. Accessed October 28, 2021.
  30. NovaFerrum 125 (polysaccharide-iron complex) [prescribing information]. Corpus Christi, TX: Gensavis Pharmaceuticals Inc; October 2013.
  31. NovaFerrum 50 (polysaccharide-iron complex) [prescribing information]. Corpus Christi, TX: Gensavis Pharmaceuticals Inc; October 2013.
  32. NovaFerrum pediatric drops (polysaccharide-iron complex) [prescribing information]. Corpus Christi, TX: Gensavis Pharmaceuticals, LLC; June 2006.
  33. Nu-Iron (polysaccharide-iron complex) [prescribing information]. Solon, OH: DSE Healthcare Solutions LLC; January 2020.
  34. Oski FA. Iron deficiency in infancy and childhood. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(3):190-193. doi:10.1056/NEJM199307153290308 [PubMed 8515791]
  35. Pavord S, Daru J, Prasannan N, Robinson S, Stanworth S, Girling J; BSH Committee. UK guidelines on the management of iron deficiency in pregnancy. Br J Haematol. 2020;188(6):819-830. doi:10.1111/bjh.16221 [PubMed 31578718]
  36. Poly-Iron (polysaccharide-iron complex) [prescribing information]. Madison MS: Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc; March 2011.
  37. Powers JM, Buchanan GR, Adix L, Zhang S, Gao A, McCavit TL. Effect of low-dose ferrous sulfate vs iron polysaccharide complex on hemoglobin concentration in young children with nutritional iron-deficiency anemia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;317(22):2297-2304. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.6846 [PubMed 28609534]
  38. Rao R, Georgieff MK. Iron therapy for preterm infants. Clin Perinatol. 2009;36(1):27-42. [PubMed 19161863]
  39. Recommendations to Prevent and Control Iron Deficiency in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep. 1998;47(RR-3):1-29. [PubMed 9563847]
  40. Reeves JD, Yip R. Lack of adverse side effects of oral ferrous sulfate therapy in 1-year-old infants. Pediatrics. 1985;75(2):352-355. [PubMed 3969339]
  41. Schrier SL, Auerbach M. Treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adults. Post TW, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. http://www.uptodate.com. Accessed March 25, 2019.
  42. Siu AL; US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for iron deficiency anemia and iron supplementation in pregnant women to improve maternal health and birth outcomes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(7):529-36. doi:10.7326/M15-1707 [PubMed 26344176]
  43. Stoffel NU, Cercamondi CI, Brittenham G, et al. Iron absorption from oral iron supplements given on consecutive versus alternate days and as single morning doses versus twice-daily split dosing in iron-depleted women: two open-label, randomised controlled trials. Lancet Haematol. 2017;4(11):e524-e533. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(17)30182-5 [PubMed 29032957]
  44. Stoffel NU, Zeder C, Brittenham GM, Moretti D, Zimmermann MB. Iron absorption from supplements is greater with alternate day than with consecutive day dosing in iron-deficient anemic women. Haematologica. 2020;105(5):1232-1239. doi:10.3324/haematol.2019.220830 [PubMed 31413088]
  45. Stoltzfus RJ, Dreyfuss ML, eds; International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group. Guidelines for the use of iron supplements to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/guidelines_for_Iron_supplementation.pdf?ua=1. Published 1998. Accessed March 20, 2019.
  46. Unger SL, Fenton TR, Jetty R, Critch JN, O'connor DL. Iron requirements in the first 2 years of life. Paediatr Child Health. 2019;24(8):555-556. doi:10.1093/pch/pxz148 [PubMed 31844396]
  47. United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations University, World Health Organization. Iron deficiency anaemia assessment, prevention, and control. A guide for programme managers, 2001.
  48. World Health Organization (WHO). Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention, and control. A guide for programme managers. https://www.ihs.org.in/SHG/WHO-Anemia%20detection%20guidelines.pdf. Published 2001.
  49. World Health Organization (WHO): Guideline: Daily Iron Supplementation in Adult Women and Adolescent Girls. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016a. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361888/. [PubMed 27195351]
  50. World Health Organization (WHO): Guideline: Daily Iron Supplementation in Infants and Children. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016b. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK362032/. [PubMed 27195348]
  51. World Health Organization (WHO): Guideline: Iron supplementation in postpartum women. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016c. [PubMed 27583315]
  52. Zlotkin S, Arthur P, Antwi KY, Yeung G. Randomized, controlled trial of single versus 3-times-daily ferrous sulfate drops for treatment of anemia. Pediatrics. 2001;108(3):613-616. doi:10.1542/peds.108.3.613 [PubMed 11533326]
Topic 10222 Version 268.0

آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟